Trade in a Bottle: Identifying Import Bottlenecks in International Trade

Country Matrix

For 2020, the matrix below shows European Union's number of import bottlenecks for different combinations of minimum import share (%) and minimum import value (USD). Red parentheses show bottlenecks from Danger Zone countries, and lime square brackets show bottlenecks involving Critical Goods.

European Union

Year: 2020(145 in Danger Zone)[7 Critical Goods]
Value \ Share>= 30%>= 40%>= 50%>= 60%>= 70%>= 80%>= 90%
>= 10 mln USD3207(145)[7]2235(95)[6]1563(67)[2]1035(34)[2]674(26)[2]379(14)[2]161(7)
>= 50 mln USD1609(84)[7]1142(54)[6]818(38)[2]539(17)[2]356(12)[2]209(6)[2]78(2)
>= 100 mln USD1054(58)[7]777(37)[6]554(28)[2]373(13)[2]246(9)[2]145(6)[2]50(2)
>= 200 mln USD621(40)[6]477(25)[5]341(18)[2]228(8)[2]149(6)[2]81(4)[2]27(1)
>= 500 mln USD262(16)[4]209(8)[3]151(5)99(2)66(2)39(2)12(1)

Danger Zone Bottlenecks (145 records, >= 30% share, >= 10 mln USD)

#Partner HS Code HS DescriptionYearShare (%) Value (USD)
1Russian Federation750110Nickel; nickel mattes2020100.00%1,068,213,914
2Russian Federation440395Wood; of birch (Betula spp.), in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared, untreated, of which the smallest cross-sectional dimension is 15 cm or more202099.97%183,338,371
3Russian Federation310229Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; nitrogenous, other than ammonium sulphate202098.75%32,007,270
4Russian Federation281310Carbon disulphide202092.07%11,831,786
5Ukraine100790Cereals; grain sorghum, other than seed202091.25%14,816,747
6Russian Federation261790Ores and concentrates n.e.c. in chapter 26; other than antimony202091.09%26,755,502
7Iran091020Spices; saffron202090.70%37,252,275
8Ukraine151211Vegetable oils; sunflower seed or safflower oil and their fractions, crude, not chemically modified202088.78%1,441,423,193
9Russian Federation270111Coal; anthracite, whether or not pulverised, but not agglomerated202086.93%399,031,316
10Russian Federation271119Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons; liquefied, n.e.c. in heading no. 2711202086.43%350,980,091
11Russian Federation722619Steel, alloy; flat-rolled, width less than 600mm, of silicon-electrical steel, other than grain-oriented202085.89%28,350,437
12Russian Federation400260Rubber; synthetic, isoprene rubber (IR), in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip202085.00%151,921,528
13Russian Federation291010Epoxides, epoxyalcohols, epoxyphenols and epoxyethers; with a three-membered ring and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives; oxirane (ethylene oxide)202083.90%14,790,333
14Ukraine020712Meat and edible offal; of fowls of the species Gallus domesticus, not cut in pieces, frozen202080.43%14,710,956
15Russian Federation840130Fuel elements (cartridges); non-irradiated202078.57%283,038,451
16Russian Federation440719Wood; coniferous species, other than of pine (Pinus spp.) or fir (Abies spp.) or spruce (Picea spp.), sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or finger-jointed, of a thickness exceeding 6mm202077.94%254,657,336
17Russian Federation440397Wood; of poplar and aspen (Populus spp.), in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared, untreated202077.64%14,295,569
18Russian Federation811221Chromium and articles thereof; unwrought chromium, powders202076.39%48,136,834
19Russian Federation440796Wood; of birch (Betula spp.), sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, of a thickness exceeding 6mm, whether or not planed, sanded or finger-jointed202075.87%27,325,393
20Ukraine250830Clays (excluding expanded clays of heading no. 6806); fireclay, whether or not calcined202074.74%64,740,847
21Russian Federation261900Slag, dross; (other than granulated slag), scalings and other waste from the manufacture of iron or steel202073.80%69,165,826
22Russian Federation230320Beet-pulp, bagasse and other waste of sugar manufacture; whether or not in the form of pellets202073.24%173,512,519
23Russian Federation470311Wood pulp; chemical wood pulp, soda or sulphate, (other than dissolving grades), unbleached, of coniferous wood202071.30%30,444,020
24Russian Federation680710Asphalt or similar material; articles (e.g. petroleum bitumen or coal tar pitch) in rolls202071.09%86,790,868
25Russian Federation440396Wood; of birch (Betula spp.), in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared, untreated, of which any cross-sectional dimension is less than 15 cm202070.90%31,209,649
26Russian Federation480511Paper and paperboard; uncoated, semi-chemical fluting paper, rolls or sheets202070.06%19,564,653
27Ukraine151219Vegetable oils; sunflower seed or safflower oil and their fractions, other than crude, whether or not refined, but not chemically modified202069.75%149,997,866
28Russian Federation720310Ferrous products; obtained by direct reduction of iron ore, in lumps, pellets or similar forms202069.50%454,323,816
29Russian Federation290270Cyclic hydrocarbons; cumene202069.13%20,154,154
30Russian Federation430180Furskins; raw, of animals n.e.c. in heading no. 4301, whole, with or without head, tail or paws (excluding goods of heading no. 4101, 4102 and 4103)202066.10%17,295,480
31Russian Federation400239Rubber; synthetic, halo-isobutene-isoprene rubber (CIIR or BIIR), in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip202064.14%112,433,803
32Russian Federation680790Asphalt or similar material; articles (e.g. petroleum bitumen or coal tar pitch) other than in rolls202063.45%16,162,574
33Russian Federation480421Kraft paper and paperboard; sack kraft paper, uncoated, unbleached, in rolls or sheets, other than that of heading no. 4802 or 4803202061.42%56,765,410
34Russian Federation441233Plywood; with sheets of wood only; not bamboo; each ply 6mm or less, with at least one outer ply of alder, ash, beech, birch, cherry, chestnut, elm, eucalyptus, hickory, horse chestnut, lime, maple, oak, plane, poplar, aspen, robinia, tulipwood or walnut202060.40%478,215,905
35Russian Federation282530Vanadium oxides and hydroxides202059.91%56,333,323
36Russian Federation284610Cerium compounds202059.57%10,962,265
37Russian Federation280300Carbon; carbon blacks and other forms of carbon n.e.c.202059.37%327,792,748
38Russian Federation230641Oil-cake and other solid residues; whether or not ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of low erucic acid rape or colza seed oils202059.19%61,532,924
39Russian Federation282520Lithium oxide and hydroxide202059.13%16,643,952
40Russian Federation720712Iron or non-alloy steel; semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel; containing by weight less than 0.25% of carbon, of rectangular (other than square) cross-section202058.55%1,383,680,596
41Russian Federation270400Coke and semi-coke; of coal, lignite or peat, whether or not agglomerated; retort carbon202058.23%108,709,135
42Russian Federation730511Iron or steel (excluding cast iron); line pipe of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines (not seamless), longitudinally submerged arc welded, having circular cross-sections, external diameter exceeds 406.4mm202057.71%158,764,231
43Ukraine100590Cereals; maize (corn), other than seed202056.92%1,721,143,041
44Russian Federation400231Rubber; synthetic, isobutene-isoprene (butyl) rubber (IIR), in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip202056.91%12,991,129
45Russian Federation270119Coal; (other than anthracite and bituminous), whether or not pulverised but not agglomerated202056.11%673,493,144
46Russian Federation440121Wood; for fuel, in chips or particles, coniferous, whether or not agglomerated202055.79%126,463,120
47Russian Federation440910Wood; coniferous (including unassembled strips and friezes for parquet flooring), continuously shaped along any edges, ends or faces, whether or not planed, sanded or end-jointed202054.72%71,166,895
48Russian Federation310551Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; containing nitrates and phosphates202054.60%16,095,329
49Ukraine720711Iron or non-alloy steel; semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel; containing by weight less than 0.25% of carbon, of rectangular (including square) cross-section, width less than twice thickness202054.22%218,372,441
50Russian Federation720280Ferro-alloys; ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten202054.21%26,062,947
51Russian Federation440712Wood; coniferous species, of fir (Abies spp.) and spruce (Picea spp.), sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or finger-jointed, of a thickness exceeding 6mm202054.19%396,567,266
52Ukraine100829Cereals; millet, other than seed202054.07%15,706,568
53Russian Federation480419Kraft paper and paperboard; kraftliner, uncoated, bleached, in rolls or sheets, other than that of heading no. 4802 or 4803202053.76%82,321,380
54Ukraine440890Wood; n.e.c. in heading no. 4408, sheets for veneer or plywood, other wood sawn lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or end-jointed, not exceeding 6mm in thickness202053.71%168,818,457
55Saudi Arabia290531Alcohols; acyclic, diols; ethylene glycol (ethanediol)202053.65%219,188,327
56Russian Federation220860Vodka202053.24%69,765,529
57Russian Federation310520Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; containing the three fertilizing elements nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium202053.09%421,476,302
58Russian Federation250300Sulphur of all kinds; other than sublimed, precipitated and colloidal sulphur202052.56%25,969,412
59Russian Federation170390Sugars; molasses, from sugar beet, resulting from the extraction or refining of sugar202052.52%40,531,479
60Saudi Arabia292215Amino-alcohols, other than those containing more than one kind of oxygen function; their ethers and esters; salts thereof, triethanolamine202051.65%19,825,153
61Russian Federation740610Copper; powders of non-lamellar structure202051.29%33,801,032
62Russian Federation290110Acyclic hydrocarbons; saturated202051.00%272,776,712
63Russian Federation310559Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; containing the two fertilizing elements nitrogen and phosphorus, other than nitrates and phosphates202050.49%28,782,512
64Russian Federation720110Iron; non-alloy pig iron containing by weight 0.5% or less of phosphorus, in pigs, blocks or other primary forms202050.43%327,892,520
65United Arab Emirates540490Filament, synthetic; strip and the like (e.g.. artificial straw), of synthetic textile materials of an apparent width not exceeding 5mm202050.41%45,951,642
66Iran080252Nuts, edible; pistachios, fresh or dried, shelled202050.12%99,645,631
67Saudi Arabia290243Cyclic hydrocarbons; p-xylene202050.02%162,773,893
68Ukraine440795Wood; ash (Fraxinus spp.), sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or finger-jointed, thicker than 6mm202049.65%16,915,384
69Russian Federation721550Iron or non-alloy steel; bars and rods, n.e.c. in chapter 72, cold-formed or cold-finished, (not free-cutting)202049.56%39,993,950
70Russian Federation071310Vegetables, leguminous; peas (pisum sativum), shelled, whether or not skinned or split, dried202049.03%75,352,102
71Ukraine720230Ferro-alloys; ferro-silico-manganese202049.00%252,310,972
72Russian Federation030472Fish fillets; frozen, haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus)202048.98%18,024,432
73Saudi Arabia290211Cyclic hydrocarbons; cyclohexane202048.72%122,708,050
74Ukraine230630Oil-cake and other solid residues; whether or not ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of sunflower seed oils202048.65%318,708,685
75Russian Federation271121Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons; in gaseous state, natural gas202048.35%7,233,015,749
76Saudi Arabia290943Ether-alcohols and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives; monobutyl ethers of ethylene glycol or of diethylene glycol202047.70%16,337,932
77Russian Federation251020Natural calcium phosphates, natural aluminium calcium phosphates and phosphatic chalk; ground202047.24%130,007,600
78Russian Federation030363Fish; frozen, cod (Gadus morhua, Gadus ogac, Gadus macrocephalus), excluding fillets, fish meat of 0304, and edible fish offal of subheadings 0303.91 to 0303.99202046.73%246,583,086
79Russian Federation720249Ferro-alloys; ferro-chromium, containing by weight 4% or less of carbon202046.01%51,006,286
80Saudi Arabia290941Ether-alcohols and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives; 2,2-oxydiethanol (diethylene glycol, digol)202045.67%60,857,763
81Russian Federation310540Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; ammonium dihydrogenorthophosphate (monoammonium phosphate) and mixtures thereof with diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate (diammonium phosphate)202044.10%93,290,739
82Saudi Arabia390931Amino-resins; n.e.c. in heading no. 3909, in primary forms, poly(methylene phenyl isocyanate) (Crude MDI, polymeric MDI)202043.78%76,626,928
83Russian Federation283526Phosphates; of calcium n.e.c. in item no. 2835.25, whether or not chemically defined202042.22%61,721,787
84Russian Federation760310Aluminium; powders of non-lamellar structure202042.01%17,188,473
85Russian Federation270300Peat; (including peat litter), whether or not agglomerated202041.87%14,812,233
86Russian Federation720610Iron or non-alloy steel; ingots (excluding iron of heading no. 7203)202041.86%11,747,866
87Russian Federation284420Uranium; enriched in U235, plutonium, their compounds, alloys dispersions (including cermets), ceramic products and mixtures containing uranium enriched in U235, plutonium or compounds of these products202041.68%347,840,227
88Russian Federation720441Ferrous waste and scrap; turnings, shavings, chips, milling waste, sawdust, filings, trimmings and stampings, whether or not in bundles202041.41%35,825,186
89Ukraine730449Steel, stainless; (excluding cold-drawn or cold-rolled), tubes pipes and hollow profiles of circular cross-section202041.32%37,438,283
90Russian Federation271019Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minerals, not containing biodiesel, not crude, not waste oils; preparations n.e.c, containing by weight 70% or more of petroleum oils or oils from bituminous minerals; not light oils and preparations202040.90%14,153,458,400
91Russian Federation480431Kraft paper and paperboard; uncoated, unbleached, weight 150g/m2 or less, in rolls or sheets, other than that of heading no. 4802 or 4803202040.80%38,001,006
92Russian Federation270799Oils and other products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar; n.e.c. in heading no. 2707202040.76%1,259,642,520
93Ukraine020713Meat and edible offal; of fowls of the species Gallus domesticus, cuts and offal, fresh or chilled202040.70%73,852,880
94Russian Federation271500Bituminous mixtures based on natural asphalt, on natural bitumen, on petroleum bitumen, on mineral tar or on mineral tar pitch (e.g. bituminous mastics, cut-backs)202040.61%16,349,641
95Ukraine350110Casein202040.04%38,153,043
96Russian Federation281511Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda); solid202039.64%10,293,318
97Russian Federation441113Medium density fibreboard (MDF), of a thickness exceeding 5 mm but not exceeding 9 mm202039.53%37,327,645
98Ukraine150710Vegetable oils; soya-bean oil and its fractions, crude, whether or not degummed, not chemically modified202039.11%137,112,508
99Russian Federation270112Coal; bituminous, whether or not pulverised, but not agglomerated202038.87%2,094,927,433
100Ukraine480592Paper and paperboard; uncoated, weight more than 150g/m2 but less than 225 g/m2, in rolls or sheets, n.e.c. in heading no. 4805202038.75%15,662,217
101Russian Federation240319Tobacco; smoking, other than water pipe tobacco, whether or not containing tobacco substitutes in any proportion202038.74%11,802,902
102Russian Federation271290Paraffin wax; containing by weight 0.75% or more of oil, obtained by synthesis or by other processes, whether or not coloured202038.66%69,064,112
103United Arab Emirates710221Diamonds; industrial, unworked or simply sawn, cleaved or bruted, but not mounted or set202038.45%18,661,313
104Ukraine720851Iron or non-alloy steel; (not in coils), flat-rolled, of a width 600mm or more, hot-rolled, without patterns in relief, of a thickness exceeding 10mm202038.16%336,113,217
105Saudi Arabia292211Amino-alcohols, other than those containing more than one kind of oxygen function; their ethers and esters; salts thereof, monoethanolamine and its salts202037.84%15,997,477
106Russian Federation722850Steel, alloy; bars and rods, cold-formed or cold-finished202036.91%82,821,790
107Ukraine720712Iron or non-alloy steel; semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel; containing by weight less than 0.25% of carbon, of rectangular (other than square) cross-section202036.85%870,929,933
108Ukraine250840Clays (excluding expanded clays of heading no. 6806); n.e.c. in heading no. 2508, whether or not calcined202036.75%34,918,669
109Ukraine100199Cereals; wheat and meslin, other than durum wheat, other than seed202036.74%158,198,470
110Iran130212Vegetable saps and extracts; of liquorice202036.55%15,054,740
111Ukraine950611Skis; for snow202036.30%32,726,822
112Russian Federation711021Metals; palladium, unwrought or in powder form202036.09%1,096,335,160
113Ukraine860719Railway or tramway locomotives or rolling stock; parts, axles and wheels, and parts thereof202035.76%106,591,199
114Qatar280429Gases, rare; other than argon202035.74%110,156,074
115Russian Federation281410Ammonia; anhydrous202035.41%210,996,314
116Qatar293361Heterocyclic compounds; containing an unfused triazine ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure, melamine202035.33%24,672,031
117Russian Federation270710Oils and products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar; benzol (benzene)202035.06%28,452,653
118Saudi Arabia390140Ethylene polymers; in primary forms, ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymers, having a specific gravity of less than 0.94202034.69%361,080,720
119Russian Federation292610Nitrile-function compounds; acrylonitrile202034.66%55,303,052
120Ukraine120590Oil seeds; rape or colza seeds, other than low erucic, whether or not broken202034.33%11,704,419
121Ukraine730439Iron or non-alloy steel (excluding cast iron); seamless, (excluding cold-drawn or cold-rolled), tubes, pipes and hollow profiles of circular cross-section202034.18%53,480,274
122Russian Federation120750Oil seeds; mustard seeds, whether or not broken202033.92%25,591,281
123United Arab Emirates710812Metals; gold, non-monetary, unwrought (but not powder)202033.66%4,647,466,039
124Russian Federation721410Iron or non-alloy steel; bars and rods, forged, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or hot-extruded, but including those twisted after rolling202033.64%16,315,297
125Russian Federation283640Carbonates; potassium carbonate202033.50%12,710,297
126Ukraine120510Oil seeds; low erucic acid rape or colza seeds, whether or not broken202033.21%840,203,472
127Ukraine440791Wood; oak (Quercus spp.), sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or finger-jointed, thicker than 6mm202033.21%91,178,221
128Russian Federation271012Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minerals, not containing biodiesel, not crude, not waste oils; preparations n.e.c, containing by weight 70% or more of petroleum oils or oils from bituminous minerals; light oils and preparations202033.20%2,857,590,642
129Ukraine481420Wallpaper and similar wall coverings; coated or covered on the face side, with a grained, embossed, coloured, design-printed or otherwise decorated layer of plastics202033.10%20,458,494
130Russian Federation290241Cyclic hydrocarbons; o-xylene202032.96%32,301,778
131Ukraine730441Steel, stainless; cold-drawn or cold-rolled (cold-reduced), tubes and pipes of circular cross-section202032.52%77,153,370
132Russian Federation151411Vegetable oils; low erucic acid rape or colza oil and its fractions, crude202032.25%80,944,352
133Ukraine720852Iron or non-alloy steel; (not in coils), flat-rolled, of a width 600mm or more, hot-rolled, without patterns in relief, of a thickness of 4.75mm or more but not exceeding 10mm202031.73%73,547,971
134Russian Federation260112Iron ores and concentrates; agglomerated (excluding roasted iron pyrites)202031.60%797,035,335
135Ukraine230310Residues of starch manufacture and similar residues; whether or not in the form of pellets202031.59%10,628,300
136Russian Federation120400Oil seeds; linseed, whether or not broken202031.54%117,024,785
137Russian Federation310420Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; potassic, potassium chloride202031.53%254,630,295
138Russian Federation440131Wood; for fuel, sawdust and wood waste and scrap, agglomerated in wood pellets202031.30%246,120,042
139Russian Federation230630Oil-cake and other solid residues; whether or not ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of sunflower seed oils202031.13%203,915,393
140Russian Federation440139Wood; for fuel, sawdust and wood waste and scrap, agglomerated in logs or similar forms, other than wood pellets or wood briquettes202030.89%21,754,565
141Saudi Arabia390210Propylene, other olefin polymers; polypropylene in primary forms202030.69%436,178,145
142Russian Federation400220Rubber; synthetic, butadiene rubber (BR), in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip202030.60%121,902,380
143Russian Federation470500Wood pulp; obtained by a combination of mechanical and chemical pulping processes202030.49%30,828,430
144Ukraine441520Wood; pallets, box pallets and other load boards; pallet collars202030.43%78,675,718
145Russian Federation750210Nickel; unwrought, not alloyed202030.17%616,670,922

Partner frequency summary:

Russian Federation: 95 occurrences

Ukraine: 32 occurrences

Saudi Arabia: 10 occurrences

Iran: 3 occurrences

United Arab Emirates: 3 occurrences

Qatar: 2 occurrences

Critical Goods in table:

271012 - Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minera...

271019 - Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minera...

271119 - Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons...

271121 - Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons...

Legend:

(n)

The number in red parentheses indicates bottlenecks from countries flagged in the Danger Zone.

[n]

The number in lime square brackets indicates bottlenecks involving HS codes flagged in Critical Goods.