Trade in a Bottle: Identifying Import Bottlenecks in International Trade

Country Matrix

For 2017, the matrix below shows European Union's number of import bottlenecks for different combinations of minimum import share (%) and minimum import value (USD). Red parentheses show bottlenecks from Danger Zone countries, and lime square brackets show bottlenecks involving Critical Goods.

European Union

Year: 2017(150 in Danger Zone)[10 Critical Goods]
Value \ Share>= 30%>= 40%>= 50%>= 60%>= 70%>= 80%>= 90%
>= 10 mln USD3344(150)[10]2393(105)[5]1685(67)[3]1164(49)[2]761(25)[2]419(17)[1]195(11)
>= 50 mln USD1734(85)[8]1282(61)[3]933(43)[2]655(30)[2]427(18)[2]246(14)[1]108(9)
>= 100 mln USD1145(61)[8]874(43)[3]634(28)[2]448(18)[2]302(12)[2]175(10)[1]80(6)
>= 200 mln USD702(43)[7]549(27)[2]404(18)[1]282(12)[1]181(8)[1]100(6)[1]43(2)
>= 500 mln USD292(19)[5]230(10)[1]172(7)133(4)85(2)45(2)17(2)

Danger Zone Bottlenecks (150 records, >= 30% share, >= 10 mln USD)

#Partner HS Code HS DescriptionYearShare (%) Value (USD)
1Ukraine020713Meat and edible offal; of fowls of the species Gallus domesticus, cuts and offal, fresh or chilled201799.82%74,581,661
2Russian Federation310229Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; nitrogenous, other than ammonium sulphate201799.73%28,509,330
3Russian Federation440395Wood; of birch (Betula spp.), in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared, untreated, of which the smallest cross-sectional dimension is 15 cm or more201798.55%137,568,143
4Russian Federation730511Iron or steel (excluding cast iron); line pipe of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines (not seamless), longitudinally submerged arc welded, having circular cross-sections, external diameter exceeds 406.4mm201795.36%1,016,075,623
5Russian Federation400239Rubber; synthetic, halo-isobutene-isoprene rubber (CIIR or BIIR), in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip201794.56%128,545,766
6Russian Federation811221Chromium and articles thereof; unwrought chromium, powders201793.90%66,996,428
7Iran091020Spices; saffron201793.60%70,431,421
8Ukraine151211Vegetable oils; sunflower seed or safflower oil and their fractions, crude, not chemically modified201793.51%1,175,160,288
9Qatar890510Dredgers201791.33%102,337,099
10Russian Federation722619Steel, alloy; flat-rolled, width less than 600mm, of silicon-electrical steel, other than grain-oriented201791.07%43,224,177
11Russian Federation840220Boilers; super-heated water boilers201790.47%121,003,990
12Russian Federation271119Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons; liquefied, n.e.c. in heading no. 2711201789.92%433,822,993
13Russian Federation840130Fuel elements (cartridges); non-irradiated201789.34%330,654,788
14Russian Federation270111Coal; anthracite, whether or not pulverised, but not agglomerated201787.57%402,182,383
15Ukraine151219Vegetable oils; sunflower seed or safflower oil and their fractions, other than crude, whether or not refined, but not chemically modified201785.82%265,300,877
16Russian Federation261900Slag, dross; (other than granulated slag), scalings and other waste from the manufacture of iron or steel201783.84%81,158,865
17Ukraine721631Iron or non-alloy steel; U sections, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded, of a height of 80mm or more201782.44%43,360,154
18Russian Federation430180Furskins; raw, of animals n.e.c. in heading no. 4301, whole, with or without head, tail or paws (excluding goods of heading no. 4101, 4102 and 4103)201777.20%61,011,963
19Russian Federation400260Rubber; synthetic, isoprene rubber (IR), in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip201776.75%225,791,707
20Russian Federation291212Aldehydes; acyclic, without other oxygen function, ethanal (acetaldehyde)201776.65%23,600,549
21Russian Federation282530Vanadium oxides and hydroxides201776.58%91,966,966
22Russian Federation720291Ferro-alloys; ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium201772.96%32,264,159
23Saudi Arabia290531Alcohols; acyclic, diols; ethylene glycol (ethanediol)201772.49%401,551,468
24Russian Federation480511Paper and paperboard; uncoated, semi-chemical fluting paper, rolls or sheets201771.66%16,141,342
25Russian Federation440796Wood; of birch (Betula spp.), sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, of a thickness exceeding 6mm, whether or not planed, sanded or finger-jointed201770.16%16,545,752
26Ukraine250830Clays (excluding expanded clays of heading no. 6806); fireclay, whether or not calcined201769.93%62,559,903
27Ukraine440111Wood; for fuel, in logs, in billets, in twigs, in faggots or similar forms, whether or not agglomerated, coniferous201769.70%13,519,160
28Russian Federation750110Nickel; nickel mattes201768.91%615,112,404
29Ukraine230630Oil-cake and other solid residues; whether or not ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of sunflower seed oils201768.89%525,958,471
30Russian Federation292610Nitrile-function compounds; acrylonitrile201768.32%92,027,285
31Russian Federation310551Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; containing nitrates and phosphates201768.06%36,290,062
32Russian Federation480421Kraft paper and paperboard; sack kraft paper, uncoated, unbleached, in rolls or sheets, other than that of heading no. 4802 or 4803201766.37%57,310,147
33Russian Federation271500Bituminous mixtures based on natural asphalt, on natural bitumen, on petroleum bitumen, on mineral tar or on mineral tar pitch (e.g. bituminous mastics, cut-backs)201766.37%30,869,135
34Russian Federation722490Steel, alloy; semi-finished products201765.17%171,299,160
35Ukraine100390Cereals; barley, other than seed201764.29%50,515,690
36Russian Federation721810Steel, stainless; ingots and other primary forms201763.02%24,824,700
37Russian Federation220860Vodka201762.98%105,691,682
38Russian Federation680710Asphalt or similar material; articles (e.g. petroleum bitumen or coal tar pitch) in rolls201762.60%65,124,485
39Russian Federation740610Copper; powders of non-lamellar structure201761.70%44,709,471
40Russian Federation440396Wood; of birch (Betula spp.), in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared, untreated, of which any cross-sectional dimension is less than 15 cm201761.59%33,935,445
41Russian Federation441233Plywood; with sheets of wood only; not bamboo; each ply 6mm or less, with at least one outer ply of alder, ash, beech, birch, cherry, chestnut, elm, eucalyptus, hickory, horse chestnut, lime, maple, oak, plane, poplar, aspen, robinia, tulipwood or walnut201761.56%494,059,314
42Russian Federation280300Carbon; carbon blacks and other forms of carbon n.e.c.201761.43%411,180,894
43Qatar843039Coal or rock cutters and tunnelling machinery; not self-propelled201761.01%26,882,049
44Russian Federation281511Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda); solid201760.93%11,932,565
45Russian Federation740811Copper; wire, of refined copper, of which the maximum cross-sectional dimension exceeds 6mm201760.84%88,871,635
46Russian Federation470311Wood pulp; chemical wood pulp, soda or sulphate, (other than dissolving grades), unbleached, of coniferous wood201760.80%29,681,019
47Russian Federation680790Asphalt or similar material; articles (e.g. petroleum bitumen or coal tar pitch) other than in rolls201760.49%11,214,877
48Russian Federation310240Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; ammonium nitrate with calcium carbonate or other inorganic non-fertilizing substances, mixtures thereof201760.30%44,541,158
49Russian Federation230641Oil-cake and other solid residues; whether or not ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of low erucic acid rape or colza seed oils201760.08%24,624,753
50Russian Federation860699Railway or tramway goods vans and wagons; n.e.c. in heading no. 8606, not self-propelled201759.57%14,215,053
51Ukraine250840Clays (excluding expanded clays of heading no. 6806); n.e.c. in heading no. 2508, whether or not calcined201758.51%88,424,661
52Russian Federation440712Wood; coniferous species, of fir (Abies spp.) and spruce (Picea spp.), sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or finger-jointed, of a thickness exceeding 6mm201757.15%405,907,971
53Saudi Arabia290941Ether-alcohols and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives; 2,2-oxydiethanol (diethylene glycol, digol)201756.73%137,704,251
54United Arab Emirates540490Filament, synthetic; strip and the like (e.g.. artificial straw), of synthetic textile materials of an apparent width not exceeding 5mm201755.73%55,163,035
55Russian Federation440719Wood; coniferous species, other than of pine (Pinus spp.) or fir (Abies spp.) or spruce (Picea spp.), sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or finger-jointed, of a thickness exceeding 6mm201755.13%178,061,290
56Ukraine100829Cereals; millet, other than seed201755.07%12,090,477
57Russian Federation251020Natural calcium phosphates, natural aluminium calcium phosphates and phosphatic chalk; ground201754.68%174,304,488
58Russian Federation230320Beet-pulp, bagasse and other waste of sugar manufacture; whether or not in the form of pellets201754.62%110,974,765
59Russian Federation730451Steel, alloy (not stainless steel); seamless, cold-drawn or cold-rolled (cold-reduced), tubes, pipes and hollow profiles of circular cross-section201754.25%37,982,661
60Russian Federation721550Iron or non-alloy steel; bars and rods, n.e.c. in chapter 72, cold-formed or cold-finished, (not free-cutting)201754.03%62,098,174
61Ukraine100590Cereals; maize (corn), other than seed201753.01%1,623,764,811
62Russian Federation760310Aluminium; powders of non-lamellar structure201752.54%30,847,138
63Russian Federation290110Acyclic hydrocarbons; saturated201751.48%548,106,079
64Russian Federation270799Oils and other products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar; n.e.c. in heading no. 2707201750.99%678,354,008
65Russian Federation400231Rubber; synthetic, isobutene-isoprene (butyl) rubber (IIR), in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip201750.46%28,073,323
66Russian Federation310520Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; containing the three fertilizing elements nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium201750.43%402,801,232
67Russian Federation720310Ferrous products; obtained by direct reduction of iron ore, in lumps, pellets or similar forms201750.34%371,640,911
68Ukraine100790Cereals; grain sorghum, other than seed201749.75%21,025,519
69Russian Federation720441Ferrous waste and scrap; turnings, shavings, chips, milling waste, sawdust, filings, trimmings and stampings, whether or not in bundles201748.90%46,888,329
70Iran080252Nuts, edible; pistachios, fresh or dried, shelled201748.79%71,153,363
71Russian Federation271012Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minerals, not containing biodiesel, not crude, not waste oils; preparations n.e.c, containing by weight 70% or more of petroleum oils or oils from bituminous minerals; light oils and preparations201748.40%4,400,261,299
72Russian Federation310540Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; ammonium dihydrogenorthophosphate (monoammonium phosphate) and mixtures thereof with diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate (diammonium phosphate)201748.16%127,214,615
73Russian Federation480592Paper and paperboard; uncoated, weight more than 150g/m2 but less than 225 g/m2, in rolls or sheets, n.e.c. in heading no. 4805201746.75%14,148,003
74Russian Federation720712Iron or non-alloy steel; semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel; containing by weight less than 0.25% of carbon, of rectangular (other than square) cross-section201746.57%1,554,708,084
75Russian Federation440121Wood; for fuel, in chips or particles, coniferous, whether or not agglomerated201746.50%65,652,548
76Russian Federation291735Acids; aromatic polycarboxylic acids; phthalic anhydride201746.25%12,792,263
77Russian Federation282520Lithium oxide and hydroxide201745.90%20,811,860
78Russian Federation711029Metals; palladium, semi-manufactured201745.84%377,196,738
79Russian Federation120400Oil seeds; linseed, whether or not broken201745.80%119,708,096
80United Arab Emirates730690Iron or steel (excluding cast iron); tubes, pipes and hollow profiles (not seamless), n.e.c. in chapter 73201745.74%40,974,916
81Russian Federation720390Ferrous products; spongy ferrous products and iron having a minimum purity by weight of 99.94%, in lumps, pellets or similar forms201744.92%11,929,043
82Russian Federation780191Lead; unwrought, unrefined, containing by weight antimony as the principal other element201744.63%39,378,492
83Russian Federation270750Aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures; n.e.c. in heading no. 2707, of which 65% or more by volume (including losses) distils at 250 degrees Celsius by the ISO 3405 method (equivalent to the ASTM D 86 method)201744.45%310,837,460
84Ukraine440890Wood; n.e.c. in heading no. 4408, sheets for veneer or plywood, other wood sawn lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or end-jointed, not exceeding 6mm in thickness201744.34%155,756,402
85Russian Federation722850Steel, alloy; bars and rods, cold-formed or cold-finished201743.94%120,957,644
86Russian Federation721260Iron or non-alloy steel; flat-rolled, width less than 600mm, clad201743.93%14,203,768
87Ukraine720230Ferro-alloys; ferro-silico-manganese201743.89%357,078,473
88Russian Federation030363Fish; frozen, cod (Gadus morhua, Gadus ogac, Gadus macrocephalus), excluding fillets, fish meat of 0304, and edible fish offal of subheadings 0303.91 to 0303.99201743.85%255,258,708
89Ukraine720711Iron or non-alloy steel; semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel; containing by weight less than 0.25% of carbon, of rectangular (including square) cross-section, width less than twice thickness201743.75%150,397,871
90Saudi Arabia390140Ethylene polymers; in primary forms, ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymers, having a specific gravity of less than 0.94201743.73%259,460,286
91Saudi Arabia550340Fibres; synthetic staple fibres, of polypropylene, not carded, combed or otherwise processed for spinning201743.66%22,945,451
92Russian Federation721699Iron or non-alloy steel; angles, shapes and sections, n.e.c. in heading no. 7216201743.56%10,578,822
93Russian Federation170390Sugars; molasses, from sugar beet, resulting from the extraction or refining of sugar201743.49%34,455,634
94Russian Federation480431Kraft paper and paperboard; uncoated, unbleached, weight 150g/m2 or less, in rolls or sheets, other than that of heading no. 4802 or 4803201743.42%42,249,362
95Russian Federation720610Iron or non-alloy steel; ingots (excluding iron of heading no. 7203)201742.99%16,220,507
96Russian Federation290542Alcohols; polyhydric, pentaerythritol201742.94%10,750,019
97Russian Federation283526Phosphates; of calcium n.e.c. in item no. 2835.25, whether or not chemically defined201742.19%55,838,908
98Saudi Arabia290211Cyclic hydrocarbons; cyclohexane201742.04%195,464,514
99Russian Federation400220Rubber; synthetic, butadiene rubber (BR), in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip201741.46%234,777,829
100Ukraine350110Casein201741.28%41,285,400
101Russian Federation720280Ferro-alloys; ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten201740.77%33,837,862
102Iran130212Vegetable saps and extracts; of liquorice201740.61%21,827,218
103Russian Federation250300Sulphur of all kinds; other than sublimed, precipitated and colloidal sulphur201740.17%21,719,920
104Russian Federation283640Carbonates; potassium carbonate201740.13%11,145,618
105Saudi Arabia390120Ethylene polymers; in primary forms, polyethylene having a specific gravity of 0.94 or more201740.08%698,872,669
106Russian Federation480419Kraft paper and paperboard; kraftliner, uncoated, bleached, in rolls or sheets, other than that of heading no. 4802 or 4803201739.82%77,111,940
107Russian Federation151411Vegetable oils; low erucic acid rape or colza oil and its fractions, crude201739.60%45,561,962
108Ukraine950611Skis; for snow201739.26%40,432,786
109Russian Federation730900Reservoirs, tanks, vats and similar containers; for any material (excluding compressed or liquefied gas), of iron or steel, capacity exceeding 300l, whether or not lined or heat insulated201739.17%56,723,785
110Russian Federation270710Oils and products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar; benzol (benzene)201739.14%40,184,959
111Ukraine481420Wallpaper and similar wall coverings; coated or covered on the face side, with a grained, embossed, coloured, design-printed or otherwise decorated layer of plastics201739.00%16,453,759
112Russian Federation030472Fish fillets; frozen, haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus)201738.94%44,259,331
113Russian Federation284420Uranium; enriched in U235, plutonium, their compounds, alloys dispersions (including cermets), ceramic products and mixtures containing uranium enriched in U235, plutonium or compounds of these products201738.82%397,340,471
114Russian Federation271290Paraffin wax; containing by weight 0.75% or more of oil, obtained by synthesis or by other processes, whether or not coloured201738.44%81,159,389
115Saudi Arabia390210Propylene, other olefin polymers; polypropylene in primary forms201738.32%512,474,944
116Russian Federation271019Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minerals, not containing biodiesel, not crude, not waste oils; preparations n.e.c, containing by weight 70% or more of petroleum oils or oils from bituminous minerals; not light oils and preparations201738.25%21,094,448,244
117Russian Federation440910Wood; coniferous (including unassembled strips and friezes for parquet flooring), continuously shaped along any edges, ends or faces, whether or not planed, sanded or end-jointed201738.19%28,511,268
118Russian Federation290243Cyclic hydrocarbons; p-xylene201738.02%41,610,405
119Russian Federation291533Acids; saturated acyclic monocarboxylic acids; n-butyl acetate201737.76%11,898,552
120Russian Federation760110Aluminium; unwrought, (not alloyed)201737.13%2,297,574,575
121Qatar293361Heterocyclic compounds; containing an unfused triazine ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure, melamine201737.01%39,853,787
122Qatar271111Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons; liquefied, natural gas201736.28%3,811,428,324
123Ukraine480592Paper and paperboard; uncoated, weight more than 150g/m2 but less than 225 g/m2, in rolls or sheets, n.e.c. in heading no. 4805201736.01%10,898,064
124Ukraine151411Vegetable oils; low erucic acid rape or colza oil and its fractions, crude201735.56%40,909,099
125Ukraine120590Oil seeds; rape or colza seeds, other than low erucic, whether or not broken201734.73%10,616,359
126Saudi Arabia292215Amino-alcohols, other than those containing more than one kind of oxygen function; their ethers and esters; salts thereof, triethanolamine201734.31%13,834,696
127Ukraine290420Derivatives of hydrocarbons; containing only nitro or only nitroso groups, whether or not halogenated201734.17%13,577,474
128Ukraine720852Iron or non-alloy steel; (not in coils), flat-rolled, of a width 600mm or more, hot-rolled, without patterns in relief, of a thickness of 4.75mm or more but not exceeding 10mm201734.12%104,499,959
129Russian Federation720110Iron; non-alloy pig iron containing by weight 0.5% or less of phosphorus, in pigs, blocks or other primary forms201733.92%331,744,427
130Russian Federation271121Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons; in gaseous state, natural gas201733.49%10,677,484,300
131Ukraine100199Cereals; wheat and meslin, other than durum wheat, other than seed201733.42%236,760,603
132Qatar280429Gases, rare; other than argon201733.22%89,764,637
133Ukraine720851Iron or non-alloy steel; (not in coils), flat-rolled, of a width 600mm or more, hot-rolled, without patterns in relief, of a thickness exceeding 10mm201732.75%383,862,802
134Russian Federation071310Vegetables, leguminous; peas (pisum sativum), shelled, whether or not skinned or split, dried201732.61%22,247,683
135Russian Federation890200Fishing vessels, factory ships and other vessels; for processing or preserving fishery products201732.57%19,217,439
136Russian Federation270112Coal; bituminous, whether or not pulverised, but not agglomerated201732.19%4,738,604,969
137Ukraine120510Oil seeds; low erucic acid rape or colza seeds, whether or not broken201731.96%705,551,930
138Qatar290129Acyclic hydrocarbons; unsaturated, n.e.c. in heading no. 2901201731.80%142,836,082
139Russian Federation281410Ammonia; anhydrous201731.76%238,733,558
140Russian Federation283325Sulphates; of copper201731.56%23,226,540
141Russian Federation711021Metals; palladium, unwrought or in powder form201731.27%613,476,046
142Ukraine730439Iron or non-alloy steel (excluding cast iron); seamless, (excluding cold-drawn or cold-rolled), tubes, pipes and hollow profiles of circular cross-section201731.24%51,131,480
143Russian Federation721410Iron or non-alloy steel; bars and rods, forged, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or hot-extruded, but including those twisted after rolling201731.08%16,089,030
144Russian Federation310420Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; potassic, potassium chloride201730.78%230,439,730
145Russian Federation740311Copper; refined, unwrought, cathodes and sections of cathodes201730.69%1,888,048,512
146United Arab Emirates730110Iron or steel; sheet piling, whether or not drilled, punched or made from assembled elements201730.62%18,474,375
147Russian Federation310210Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; nitrogenous, urea, whether or not in aqueous solution201730.44%384,743,196
148Russian Federation410792Leather; further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed, of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals, without hair on, other than leather of heading 41.14, not whole hides and skins, but including sides, grain splits201730.33%54,700,580
149Russian Federation440139Wood; for fuel, sawdust and wood waste and scrap, agglomerated in logs or similar forms, other than wood pellets or wood briquettes201730.17%21,191,972
150Ukraine440795Wood; ash (Fraxinus spp.), sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or finger-jointed, thicker than 6mm201730.00%15,278,333

Partner frequency summary:

Russian Federation: 102 occurrences

Ukraine: 28 occurrences

Saudi Arabia: 8 occurrences

Qatar: 6 occurrences

Iran: 3 occurrences

United Arab Emirates: 3 occurrences

Critical Goods in table:

271012 - Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minera...

271019 - Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minera...

271111 - Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons...

271119 - Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons...

271121 - Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons...

Legend:

(n)

The number in red parentheses indicates bottlenecks from countries flagged in the Danger Zone.

[n]

The number in lime square brackets indicates bottlenecks involving HS codes flagged in Critical Goods.