Trade in a Bottle: Identifying Import Bottlenecks in International Trade

Country Matrix

For 2016, the matrix below shows European Union's number of import bottlenecks for different combinations of minimum import share (%) and minimum import value (USD). Red parentheses show bottlenecks from Danger Zone countries, and lime square brackets show bottlenecks involving Critical Goods.

European Union

Year: 2016(135 in Danger Zone)[11 Critical Goods]
6-digit HS codes4-digit HS codes2-digit HS codes
Value \ Share>= 30%>= 40%>= 50%>= 60%>= 70%>= 80%>= 90%
>= 10 mln USD3253(135)[11]2317(92)[5]1622(59)[3]1125(36)[2]717(23)[2]413(9)[1]179(6)
>= 50 mln USD1659(75)[10]1235(53)[4]891(35)[2]638(22)[1]417(11)[1]243(6)[1]93(4)
>= 100 mln USD1105(55)[8]825(36)[3]602(22)[1]437(13)286(8)162(4)65(2)
>= 200 mln USD653(36)[7]507(23)[2]372(12)269(8)174(5)96(3)36(1)
>= 500 mln USD273(19)[6]208(8)[1]163(5)122(3)79(2)42(1)15(1)
Danger ZoneCritical GoodsCritical and in Danger

Danger Zone Bottlenecks (135 records, >= 30% share, >= 10 mln USD)

#Partner HS Code HS DescriptionYearShare (%) Value (USD)
1Russian Federation310229Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; nitrogenous, other than ammonium sulphate201699.23%21,211,834
2Ukraine020713Meat and edible offal; of fowls of the species Gallus domesticus, cuts and offal, fresh or chilled201698.46%26,507,073
3Russian Federation400239Rubber; synthetic, halo-isobutene-isoprene rubber (CIIR or BIIR), in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip201696.09%107,445,171
4Iran091020Spices; saffron201694.40%69,425,179
5Ukraine151211Vegetable oils; sunflower seed or safflower oil and their fractions, crude, not chemically modified201692.46%1,064,097,561
6Russian Federation811221Chromium and articles thereof; unwrought chromium, powders201690.32%50,141,421
7Russian Federation722619Steel, alloy; flat-rolled, width less than 600mm, of silicon-electrical steel, other than grain-oriented201689.38%34,344,733
8Russian Federation270111Coal; anthracite, whether or not pulverised, but not agglomerated201684.60%266,824,941
9Russian Federation840130Fuel elements (cartridges); non-irradiated201682.82%371,041,955
10Ukraine250830Clays (excluding expanded clays of heading no. 6806); fireclay, whether or not calcined201679.49%38,324,257
11Russian Federation480511Paper and paperboard; uncoated, semi-chemical fluting paper, rolls or sheets201677.46%19,119,778
12Russian Federation400260Rubber; synthetic, isoprene rubber (IR), in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip201677.20%166,295,274
13Russian Federation720430Ferrous waste and scrap; of tinned iron or steel201676.06%24,098,809
14Ukraine721631Iron or non-alloy steel; U sections, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded, of a height of 80mm or more201673.59%40,778,724
15Russian Federation271119Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons; liquefied, n.e.c. in heading no. 2711201673.38%34,597,155
16Russian Federation292610Nitrile-function compounds; acrylonitrile201672.49%55,010,436
17Russian Federation430180Furskins; raw, of animals n.e.c. in heading no. 4301, whole, with or without head, tail or paws (excluding goods of heading no. 4101, 4102 and 4103)201672.43%39,484,353
18Russian Federation220860Vodka201672.39%103,918,658
19Ukraine100390Cereals; barley, other than seed201671.51%42,020,717
20Ukraine100790Cereals; grain sorghum, other than seed201671.21%13,705,695
21Russian Federation261900Slag, dross; (other than granulated slag), scalings and other waste from the manufacture of iron or steel201670.50%19,175,873
22Russian Federation270799Oils and other products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar; n.e.c. in heading no. 2707201670.34%516,076,463
23Russian Federation720310Ferrous products; obtained by direct reduction of iron ore, in lumps, pellets or similar forms201670.22%259,089,570
24Russian Federation290241Cyclic hydrocarbons; o-xylene201669.83%54,919,155
25Russian Federation284420Uranium; enriched in U235, plutonium, their compounds, alloys dispersions (including cermets), ceramic products and mixtures containing uranium enriched in U235, plutonium or compounds of these products201666.44%667,034,091
26Saudi Arabia290531Alcohols; acyclic, diols; ethylene glycol (ethanediol)201665.97%305,083,938
27Russian Federation680710Asphalt or similar material; articles (e.g. petroleum bitumen or coal tar pitch) in rolls201665.31%55,098,773
28Russian Federation480421Kraft paper and paperboard; sack kraft paper, uncoated, unbleached, in rolls or sheets, other than that of heading no. 4802 or 4803201664.78%51,384,180
29Ukraine230630Oil-cake and other solid residues; whether or not ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of sunflower seed oils201664.26%456,014,179
30Russian Federation440399Wood; in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared, untreated, n.e.c. in heading no. 4403201662.58%188,526,474
31Russian Federation721550Iron or non-alloy steel; bars and rods, n.e.c. in chapter 72, cold-formed or cold-finished, (not free-cutting)201661.64%66,522,708
32Russian Federation740610Copper; powders of non-lamellar structure201660.98%39,441,735
33Saudi Arabia290211Cyclic hydrocarbons; cyclohexane201660.59%184,610,238
34Russian Federation310551Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; containing nitrates and phosphates201660.43%24,051,067
35United Arab Emirates540490Filament, synthetic; strip and the like (e.g.. artificial straw), of synthetic textile materials of an apparent width not exceeding 5mm201660.22%59,853,402
36Saudi Arabia290941Ether-alcohols and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives; 2,2-oxydiethanol (diethylene glycol, digol)201660.02%88,782,479
37Russian Federation890200Fishing vessels, factory ships and other vessels; for processing or preserving fishery products201659.65%149,155,846
38Russian Federation230320Beet-pulp, bagasse and other waste of sugar manufacture; whether or not in the form of pellets201659.53%104,166,319
39Russian Federation290110Acyclic hydrocarbons; saturated201659.18%418,216,332
40Russian Federation230641Oil-cake and other solid residues; whether or not ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of low erucic acid rape or colza seed oils201658.26%33,750,767
41Ukraine100829Cereals; millet, other than seed201658.01%13,813,267
42Ukraine250840Clays (excluding expanded clays of heading no. 6806); n.e.c. in heading no. 2508, whether or not calcined201657.55%81,618,335
43Russian Federation291212Aldehydes; acyclic, without other oxygen function, ethanal (acetaldehyde)201656.95%10,126,179
44Russian Federation722490Steel, alloy; semi-finished products201655.94%106,490,007
45Saudi Arabia262040Slag, ash and residues; (not from the manufacture of iron or steel), containing mainly aluminium201655.80%17,076,435
46Russian Federation310540Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; ammonium dihydrogenorthophosphate (monoammonium phosphate) and mixtures thereof with diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate (diammonium phosphate)201655.79%135,979,238
47Ukraine100590Cereals; maize (corn), other than seed201655.58%1,254,531,990
48Russian Federation251020Natural calcium phosphates, natural aluminium calcium phosphates and phosphatic chalk; ground201654.10%191,374,893
49Russian Federation280300Carbon; carbon blacks and other forms of carbon n.e.c.201653.83%238,639,261
50Russian Federation282530Vanadium oxides and hydroxides201653.47%32,175,727
51Russian Federation480592Paper and paperboard; uncoated, weight more than 150g/m2 but less than 225 g/m2, in rolls or sheets, n.e.c. in heading no. 4805201653.12%11,771,619
52Russian Federation711021Metals; palladium, unwrought or in powder form201653.10%753,671,397
53Russian Federation721119Iron or non-alloy steel; flat-rolled, hot-rolled, of a width less than 600mm, less than 4.75mm thick, excluding those of item no. 7211.13201652.84%11,962,527
54Russian Federation720441Ferrous waste and scrap; turnings, shavings, chips, milling waste, sawdust, filings, trimmings and stampings, whether or not in bundles201652.82%47,708,982
55Russian Federation711510Metal; catalysts in the form of wire cloth or grill, of platinum201652.58%69,518,237
56Iran080252Nuts, edible; pistachios, fresh or dried, shelled201652.20%79,473,136
57Russian Federation310240Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; ammonium nitrate with calcium carbonate or other inorganic non-fertilizing substances, mixtures thereof201651.75%43,564,505
58Russian Federation440121Wood; for fuel, in chips or particles, coniferous, whether or not agglomerated201651.22%62,610,242
59Russian Federation283325Sulphates; of copper201650.73%35,016,875
60Ukraine151411Vegetable oils; low erucic acid rape or colza oil and its fractions, crude201649.93%63,053,650
61Russian Federation281410Ammonia; anhydrous201649.83%366,103,646
62Russian Federation760310Aluminium; powders of non-lamellar structure201649.12%25,539,885
63Russian Federation740811Copper; wire, of refined copper, of which the maximum cross-sectional dimension exceeds 6mm201648.60%49,174,554
64Russian Federation780191Lead; unwrought, unrefined, containing by weight antimony as the principal other element201648.05%34,930,848
65Russian Federation440710-Coniferous201647.98%687,467,680
66Russian Federation720853Iron or non-alloy steel; (not in coils), flat-rolled, of a width 600mm or more, hot-rolled, without patterns in relief, of a thickness of 3mm or more but less than 4.75mm201647.88%14,298,982
67Russian Federation283640Carbonates; potassium carbonate201647.32%12,673,045
68Ukraine720711Iron or non-alloy steel; semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel; containing by weight less than 0.25% of carbon, of rectangular (including square) cross-section, width less than twice thickness201647.04%203,253,934
69Russian Federation271012Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minerals, not containing biodiesel, not crude, not waste oils; preparations n.e.c, containing by weight 70% or more of petroleum oils or oils from bituminous minerals; light oils and preparations201647.02%3,515,564,341
70Russian Federation720110Iron; non-alloy pig iron containing by weight 0.5% or less of phosphorus, in pigs, blocks or other primary forms201646.71%323,510,523
71Russian Federation720610Iron or non-alloy steel; ingots (excluding iron of heading no. 7203)201646.24%20,510,703
72Russian Federation120400Oil seeds; linseed, whether or not broken201645.77%132,842,950
73Russian Federation722850Steel, alloy; bars and rods, cold-formed or cold-finished201645.75%108,228,981
74Russian Federation441232-- Other, with at least one outer ply of non-coniferous wood201645.46%439,798,588
75Russian Federation720712Iron or non-alloy steel; semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel; containing by weight less than 0.25% of carbon, of rectangular (other than square) cross-section201644.94%1,026,916,222
76Russian Federation470311Wood pulp; chemical wood pulp, soda or sulphate, (other than dissolving grades), unbleached, of coniferous wood201644.48%23,641,509
77Russian Federation400231Rubber; synthetic, isobutene-isoprene (butyl) rubber (IIR), in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip201644.45%20,406,963
78Russian Federation290243Cyclic hydrocarbons; p-xylene201644.41%46,450,334
79Russian Federation310559Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; containing the two fertilizing elements nitrogen and phosphorus, other than nitrates and phosphates201644.33%16,579,411
80Ukraine020712Meat and edible offal; of fowls of the species Gallus domesticus, not cut in pieces, frozen201644.28%10,461,241
81Russian Federation720827Iron or non-alloy steel; in coils, without patterns in relief, flat-rolled, of a width 600mm or more, hot-rolled, pickled, of a thickness of less than 3mm201644.27%69,207,741
82Russian Federation291735Acids; aromatic polycarboxylic acids; phthalic anhydride201644.19%10,113,803
83Ukraine151219Vegetable oils; sunflower seed or safflower oil and their fractions, other than crude, whether or not refined, but not chemically modified201644.11%37,404,411
84Russian Federation310520Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; containing the three fertilizing elements nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium201643.67%290,338,580
85Russian Federation283526Phosphates; of calcium n.e.c. in item no. 2835.25, whether or not chemically defined201643.32%59,273,129
86Russian Federation283531Polyphosphates; sodium triphosphate (sodium tripolyphosphate), whether or not chemically defined201642.61%20,360,832
87Ukraine440890Wood; n.e.c. in heading no. 4408, sheets for veneer or plywood, other wood sawn lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or end-jointed, not exceeding 6mm in thickness201642.42%131,380,788
88Russian Federation030363Fish; frozen, cod (Gadus morhua, Gadus ogac, Gadus macrocephalus), excluding fillets, fish meat of 0304, and edible fish offal of subheadings 0303.91 to 0303.99201640.81%208,063,800
89Russian Federation270750Aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures; n.e.c. in heading no. 2707, of which 65% or more by volume (including losses) distils at 250 degrees Celsius by the ISO 3405 method (equivalent to the ASTM D 86 method)201640.71%276,423,243
90Russian Federation282520Lithium oxide and hydroxide201640.52%14,913,192
91Russian Federation310420Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; potassic, potassium chloride201640.49%260,036,646
92Russian Federation480419Kraft paper and paperboard; kraftliner, uncoated, bleached, in rolls or sheets, other than that of heading no. 4802 or 4803201640.47%75,627,339
93United Arab Emirates730110Iron or steel; sheet piling, whether or not drilled, punched or made from assembled elements201639.77%10,599,700
94Russian Federation721410Iron or non-alloy steel; bars and rods, forged, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or hot-extruded, but including those twisted after rolling201639.66%13,839,316
95Qatar293361Heterocyclic compounds; containing an unfused triazine ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure, melamine201639.08%44,560,077
96Qatar271111Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons; liquefied, natural gas201639.03%3,159,100,632
97Russian Federation400220Rubber; synthetic, butadiene rubber (BR), in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip201638.68%151,589,113
98Russian Federation271019Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minerals, not containing biodiesel, not crude, not waste oils; preparations n.e.c, containing by weight 70% or more of petroleum oils or oils from bituminous minerals; not light oils and preparations201638.45%17,536,645,224
99Ukraine720851Iron or non-alloy steel; (not in coils), flat-rolled, of a width 600mm or more, hot-rolled, without patterns in relief, of a thickness exceeding 10mm201638.10%368,729,548
100United Arab Emirates730690Iron or steel (excluding cast iron); tubes, pipes and hollow profiles (not seamless), n.e.c. in chapter 73201638.05%27,307,679
101Ukraine720852Iron or non-alloy steel; (not in coils), flat-rolled, of a width 600mm or more, hot-rolled, without patterns in relief, of a thickness of 4.75mm or more but not exceeding 10mm201638.02%89,738,091
102Russian Federation030472Fish fillets; frozen, haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus)201637.87%46,927,527
103Russian Federation760110Aluminium; unwrought, (not alloyed)201636.92%1,937,265,213
104Russian Federation271290Paraffin wax; containing by weight 0.75% or more of oil, obtained by synthesis or by other processes, whether or not coloured201636.53%87,488,534
105Ukraine720230Ferro-alloys; ferro-silico-manganese201636.38%155,542,627
106Ukraine950611Skis; for snow201635.51%33,851,248
107Russian Federation310390Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; phosphatic, n.e.c. in heading no. 3103201635.35%13,360,386
108Saudi Arabia390210Propylene, other olefin polymers; polypropylene in primary forms201634.95%409,809,473
109Saudi Arabia291532Acids; saturated acyclic monocarboxylic acids; vinyl acetate201634.85%196,544,046
110Russian Federation750210Nickel; unwrought, not alloyed201634.59%552,755,754
111Russian Federation271121Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons; in gaseous state, natural gas201634.22%8,683,580,265
112Saudi Arabia390120Ethylene polymers; in primary forms, polyethylene having a specific gravity of 0.94 or more201634.02%658,703,947
113Ukraine440110-Fuel wood, in logs, in billets, in twigs, in faggots or in similar forms201633.60%41,486,394
114Ukraine210210Yeasts; active201633.45%14,405,605
115Russian Federation170390Sugars; molasses, from sugar beet, resulting from the extraction or refining of sugar201633.24%21,908,443
116Russian Federation440910Wood; coniferous (including unassembled strips and friezes for parquet flooring), continuously shaped along any edges, ends or faces, whether or not planed, sanded or end-jointed201632.99%18,801,376
117Russian Federation740311Copper; refined, unwrought, cathodes and sections of cathodes201632.88%1,731,602,398
118Qatar280429Gases, rare; other than argon201632.82%83,953,181
119Saudi Arabia390110Ethylene polymers; in primary forms, polyethylene having a specific gravity of less than 0.94201632.64%754,716,371
120Russian Federation070959Vegetables; truffles and mushrooms n.e.c. in heading 0709, fresh or chilled201632.43%32,579,362
121Russian Federation480431Kraft paper and paperboard; uncoated, unbleached, weight 150g/m2 or less, in rolls or sheets, other than that of heading no. 4802 or 4803201632.40%31,976,573
122Iran130212Vegetable saps and extracts; of liquorice201632.00%19,695,550
123Ukraine481420Wallpaper and similar wall coverings; coated or covered on the face side, with a grained, embossed, coloured, design-printed or otherwise decorated layer of plastics201631.88%13,744,319
124Russian Federation270900Oils; petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude201631.72%50,903,599,506
125Ukraine120750Oil seeds; mustard seeds, whether or not broken201631.51%17,417,450
126Russian Federation721123Iron or non-alloy steel; flat-rolled, cold-rolled, of a width less than 600mm, containing by weight less than 0.25% of carbon201631.42%11,320,701
127Iran080251Nuts, edible; pistachios, fresh or dried, in shell201631.33%176,586,486
128Ukraine730439Iron or non-alloy steel (excluding cast iron); seamless, (excluding cold-drawn or cold-rolled), tubes, pipes and hollow profiles of circular cross-section201631.33%47,639,632
129Russian Federation760511Aluminium; (not alloyed), wire, maximum cross-sectional dimension exceeds 7mm201631.28%153,388,957
130Russian Federation440139Wood; for fuel, sawdust and wood waste and scrap, agglomerated in logs or similar forms, other than wood pellets or wood briquettes201631.10%27,595,414
131Russian Federation270112Coal; bituminous, whether or not pulverised, but not agglomerated201630.92%2,696,518,786
132Russian Federation250300Sulphur of all kinds; other than sublimed, precipitated and colloidal sulphur201630.43%16,004,652
133Ukraine350110Casein201630.37%28,129,026
134Ukraine720712Iron or non-alloy steel; semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel; containing by weight less than 0.25% of carbon, of rectangular (other than square) cross-section201630.36%693,696,788
135Qatar290129Acyclic hydrocarbons; unsaturated, n.e.c. in heading no. 2901201630.00%142,553,451

Partner frequency summary:

Russian Federation: 90 occurrences

Ukraine: 26 occurrences

Saudi Arabia: 8 occurrences

Iran: 4 occurrences

Qatar: 4 occurrences

United Arab Emirates: 3 occurrences

Critical Goods in table:

270900 - Oils; petroleum oils and oils obtained from bi...

271012 - Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minera...

271019 - Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minera...

271111 - Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons...

271119 - Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons...

271121 - Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons...

Legend:

(n)

The number in red parentheses indicates bottlenecks from countries flagged in the Danger Zone.

[n]

The number in lime square brackets indicates bottlenecks involving HS codes flagged in Critical Goods.