Trade in a Bottle: Identifying Import Bottlenecks in International Trade

Country Matrix

For 2015, the matrix below shows European Union's number of import bottlenecks for different combinations of minimum import share (%) and minimum import value (USD). Red parentheses show bottlenecks from Danger Zone countries, and lime square brackets show bottlenecks involving Critical Goods.

European Union

Year: 2015(127 in Danger Zone)[10 Critical Goods]
6-digit HS codes4-digit HS codes2-digit HS codes
Value \ Share>= 30%>= 40%>= 50%>= 60%>= 70%>= 80%>= 90%
>= 10 mln USD3273(127)[10]2318(86)[6]1583(58)[3]1112(42)[1]712(19)[1]401(11)175(8)
>= 50 mln USD1663(78)[8]1229(51)[6]869(34)[3]614(22)[1]399(9)[1]227(4)95(4)
>= 100 mln USD1101(52)[7]836(35)[5]599(21)[2]437(16)[1]287(6)[1]165(2)71(2)
>= 200 mln USD651(38)[6]511(26)[4]383(14)[1]276(12)179(3)100(1)43(1)
>= 500 mln USD262(15)[5]215(10)[3]159(5)[1]117(4)75(2)4114
Danger ZoneCritical GoodsCritical and in Danger

Danger Zone Bottlenecks (127 records, >= 30% share, >= 10 mln USD)

#Partner HS Code HS DescriptionYearShare (%) Value (USD)
1Russian Federation310229Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; nitrogenous, other than ammonium sulphate201599.47%26,830,560
2Russian Federation400239Rubber; synthetic, halo-isobutene-isoprene rubber (CIIR or BIIR), in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip201597.10%142,064,065
3Ukraine020713Meat and edible offal; of fowls of the species Gallus domesticus, cuts and offal, fresh or chilled201595.26%22,060,132
4Iran091020Spices; saffron201593.60%65,902,782
5Russian Federation811221Chromium and articles thereof; unwrought chromium, powders201591.85%64,115,844
6Russian Federation100290Cereals; rye, other than seed201591.56%17,156,535
7Russian Federation840130Fuel elements (cartridges); non-irradiated201591.33%457,941,521
8Russian Federation722619Steel, alloy; flat-rolled, width less than 600mm, of silicon-electrical steel, other than grain-oriented201590.71%33,679,245
9Ukraine250830Clays (excluding expanded clays of heading no. 6806); fireclay, whether or not calcined201582.30%45,828,986
10Russian Federation310551Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; containing nitrates and phosphates201582.21%48,983,595
11Ukraine721631Iron or non-alloy steel; U sections, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded, of a height of 80mm or more201580.33%48,426,564
12Russian Federation480511Paper and paperboard; uncoated, semi-chemical fluting paper, rolls or sheets201578.32%19,098,719
13Ukraine151211Vegetable oils; sunflower seed or safflower oil and their fractions, crude, not chemically modified201578.03%586,725,176
14Russian Federation220860Vodka201577.83%113,077,420
15Russian Federation430180Furskins; raw, of animals n.e.c. in heading no. 4301, whole, with or without head, tail or paws (excluding goods of heading no. 4101, 4102 and 4103)201575.48%45,466,653
16Ukraine100790Cereals; grain sorghum, other than seed201574.30%21,203,500
17Russian Federation400260Rubber; synthetic, isoprene rubber (IR), in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip201572.87%186,641,406
18Russian Federation270799Oils and other products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar; n.e.c. in heading no. 2707201572.26%924,079,437
19Russian Federation680710Asphalt or similar material; articles (e.g. petroleum bitumen or coal tar pitch) in rolls201572.15%59,773,791
20Russian Federation480591Paper and paperboard; uncoated, weight 150g/m2 or less, in rolls or sheets, n.e.c. in heading no.4805201569.53%46,303,519
21Saudi Arabia290211Cyclic hydrocarbons; cyclohexane201569.24%188,913,734
22Russian Federation780191Lead; unwrought, unrefined, containing by weight antimony as the principal other element201568.30%35,924,451
23Russian Federation284390Inorganic or organic compounds of precious metals, n.e.c.; amalgams201567.20%452,812,661
24Saudi Arabia290531Alcohols; acyclic, diols; ethylene glycol (ethanediol)201566.86%377,497,351
25Russian Federation290110Acyclic hydrocarbons; saturated201566.68%483,406,041
26Ukraine100390Cereals; barley, other than seed201566.66%38,463,319
27Russian Federation721123Iron or non-alloy steel; flat-rolled, cold-rolled, of a width less than 600mm, containing by weight less than 0.25% of carbon201566.32%50,302,813
28Ukraine100590Cereals; maize (corn), other than seed201566.11%1,474,230,493
29Russian Federation290241Cyclic hydrocarbons; o-xylene201565.74%43,495,199
30Russian Federation270111Coal; anthracite, whether or not pulverised, but not agglomerated201565.56%323,580,780
31Russian Federation310240Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; ammonium nitrate with calcium carbonate or other inorganic non-fertilizing substances, mixtures thereof201565.29%84,117,539
32Russian Federation721550Iron or non-alloy steel; bars and rods, n.e.c. in chapter 72, cold-formed or cold-finished, (not free-cutting)201564.78%84,157,925
33Ukraine230649Oil-cake and other solid residues; whether or not ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of rape seed oils (other than low erucic acid rape or colza)201564.32%12,163,625
34Russian Federation890200Fishing vessels, factory ships and other vessels; for processing or preserving fishery products201563.95%213,187,076
35Russian Federation480592Paper and paperboard; uncoated, weight more than 150g/m2 but less than 225 g/m2, in rolls or sheets, n.e.c. in heading no. 4805201563.27%16,757,824
36Ukraine230630Oil-cake and other solid residues; whether or not ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of sunflower seed oils201563.05%494,472,045
37Russian Federation440399Wood; in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared, untreated, n.e.c. in heading no. 4403201562.78%216,524,352
38Russian Federation740610Copper; powders of non-lamellar structure201562.42%42,301,839
39Russian Federation400231Rubber; synthetic, isobutene-isoprene (butyl) rubber (IIR), in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip201562.16%32,669,627
40Russian Federation284420Uranium; enriched in U235, plutonium, their compounds, alloys dispersions (including cermets), ceramic products and mixtures containing uranium enriched in U235, plutonium or compounds of these products201561.65%650,580,243
41Russian Federation721810Steel, stainless; ingots and other primary forms201560.84%24,065,194
42Russian Federation720915Iron or non-alloy steel; in coils, flat-rolled, width 600mm or more, cold-rolled, of a thickness of 3mm or more201560.48%11,953,345
43Russian Federation440121Wood; for fuel, in chips or particles, coniferous, whether or not agglomerated201559.93%61,443,727
44Russian Federation230320Beet-pulp, bagasse and other waste of sugar manufacture; whether or not in the form of pellets201559.05%96,086,915
45United Arab Emirates540490Filament, synthetic; strip and the like (e.g.. artificial straw), of synthetic textile materials of an apparent width not exceeding 5mm201557.37%55,948,179
46Russian Federation721119Iron or non-alloy steel; flat-rolled, hot-rolled, of a width less than 600mm, less than 4.75mm thick, excluding those of item no. 7211.13201556.54%11,784,497
47Saudi Arabia290941Ether-alcohols and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives; 2,2-oxydiethanol (diethylene glycol, digol)201555.97%115,162,343
48Russian Federation720441Ferrous waste and scrap; turnings, shavings, chips, milling waste, sawdust, filings, trimmings and stampings, whether or not in bundles201555.81%66,005,566
49Russian Federation292610Nitrile-function compounds; acrylonitrile201555.40%74,839,534
50Russian Federation310540Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; ammonium dihydrogenorthophosphate (monoammonium phosphate) and mixtures thereof with diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate (diammonium phosphate)201555.26%168,432,727
51Russian Federation722490Steel, alloy; semi-finished products201555.10%143,030,882
52Russian Federation720610Iron or non-alloy steel; ingots (excluding iron of heading no. 7203)201554.80%24,051,429
53Russian Federation480421Kraft paper and paperboard; sack kraft paper, uncoated, unbleached, in rolls or sheets, other than that of heading no. 4802 or 4803201553.69%52,881,527
54Iran080252Nuts, edible; pistachios, fresh or dried, shelled201553.01%81,476,228
55Russian Federation283531Polyphosphates; sodium triphosphate (sodium tripolyphosphate), whether or not chemically defined201552.48%46,180,178
56Russian Federation283640Carbonates; potassium carbonate201552.41%13,914,976
57Russian Federation280300Carbon; carbon blacks and other forms of carbon n.e.c.201552.30%276,724,372
58Russian Federation271012Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minerals, not containing biodiesel, not crude, not waste oils; preparations n.e.c, containing by weight 70% or more of petroleum oils or oils from bituminous minerals; light oils and preparations201550.96%4,385,624,396
59Russian Federation440710-Coniferous201549.67%646,198,764
60Russian Federation722850Steel, alloy; bars and rods, cold-formed or cold-finished201549.56%140,415,993
61Qatar271111Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons; liquefied, natural gas201549.29%5,891,084,409
62Ukraine250840Clays (excluding expanded clays of heading no. 6806); n.e.c. in heading no. 2508, whether or not calcined201549.14%59,107,111
63Russian Federation853010Signalling, safety or traffic control equipment; for railways or tramways (excluding those of heading no. 8608)201548.92%15,311,497
64Russian Federation310420Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; potassic, potassium chloride201548.75%344,293,573
65Russian Federation470311Wood pulp; chemical wood pulp, soda or sulphate, (other than dissolving grades), unbleached, of coniferous wood201548.66%23,766,089
66Russian Federation760310Aluminium; powders of non-lamellar structure201548.61%24,514,424
67Russian Federation720853Iron or non-alloy steel; (not in coils), flat-rolled, of a width 600mm or more, hot-rolled, without patterns in relief, of a thickness of 3mm or more but less than 4.75mm201547.83%15,748,886
68Russian Federation282530Vanadium oxides and hydroxides201546.77%42,804,658
69Russian Federation720712Iron or non-alloy steel; semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel; containing by weight less than 0.25% of carbon, of rectangular (other than square) cross-section201546.76%1,015,982,155
70Russian Federation720110Iron; non-alloy pig iron containing by weight 0.5% or less of phosphorus, in pigs, blocks or other primary forms201546.74%453,536,463
71Russian Federation230641Oil-cake and other solid residues; whether or not ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of low erucic acid rape or colza seed oils201546.07%50,466,443
72Russian Federation720310Ferrous products; obtained by direct reduction of iron ore, in lumps, pellets or similar forms201545.61%272,576,654
73Russian Federation250300Sulphur of all kinds; other than sublimed, precipitated and colloidal sulphur201543.37%28,169,133
74Russian Federation740811Copper; wire, of refined copper, of which the maximum cross-sectional dimension exceeds 6mm201542.81%38,688,580
75Russian Federation281410Ammonia; anhydrous201542.55%481,309,695
76Russian Federation283526Phosphates; of calcium n.e.c. in item no. 2835.25, whether or not chemically defined201542.19%45,093,644
77Russian Federation441232-- Other, with at least one outer ply of non-coniferous wood201541.89%417,320,060
78Russian Federation283325Sulphates; of copper201541.72%32,928,583
79Russian Federation310390Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; phosphatic, n.e.c. in heading no. 3103201541.15%24,998,499
80Saudi Arabia390120Ethylene polymers; in primary forms, polyethylene having a specific gravity of 0.94 or more201541.09%663,832,611
81Ukraine140490Vegetable products; n.e.c. in chapter 14201540.74%67,815,141
82Saudi Arabia390210Propylene, other olefin polymers; polypropylene in primary forms201540.62%475,629,614
83Russian Federation120400Oil seeds; linseed, whether or not broken201540.45%131,649,148
84Russian Federation291735Acids; aromatic polycarboxylic acids; phthalic anhydride201540.32%10,100,078
85Ukraine100199Cereals; wheat and meslin, other than durum wheat, other than seed201540.31%317,877,025
86Russian Federation271121Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons; in gaseous state, natural gas201540.17%13,203,692,661
87Russian Federation070959Vegetables; truffles and mushrooms n.e.c. in heading 0709, fresh or chilled201539.99%35,557,528
88Russian Federation251020Natural calcium phosphates, natural aluminium calcium phosphates and phosphatic chalk; ground201539.96%167,589,936
89Ukraine120510Oil seeds; low erucic acid rape or colza seeds, whether or not broken201539.79%485,751,362
90Russian Federation270750Aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures; n.e.c. in heading no. 2707, of which 65% or more by volume (including losses) distils at 250 degrees Celsius by the ISO 3405 method (equivalent to the ASTM D 86 method)201539.54%221,460,564
91Russian Federation310520Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; containing the three fertilizing elements nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium201539.51%294,769,528
92Russian Federation400220Rubber; synthetic, butadiene rubber (BR), in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip201539.11%163,348,725
93Russian Federation720291Ferro-alloys; ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium201539.06%17,807,583
94Russian Federation030363Fish; frozen, cod (Gadus morhua, Gadus ogac, Gadus macrocephalus), excluding fillets, fish meat of 0304, and edible fish offal of subheadings 0303.91 to 0303.99201538.89%174,481,788
95Russian Federation270710Oils and products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar; benzol (benzene)201538.84%30,421,328
96Russian Federation271019Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minerals, not containing biodiesel, not crude, not waste oils; preparations n.e.c, containing by weight 70% or more of petroleum oils or oils from bituminous minerals; not light oils and preparations201538.41%20,675,718,937
97Ukraine720711Iron or non-alloy steel; semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel; containing by weight less than 0.25% of carbon, of rectangular (including square) cross-section, width less than twice thickness201538.39%200,198,773
98Russian Federation720827Iron or non-alloy steel; in coils, without patterns in relief, flat-rolled, of a width 600mm or more, hot-rolled, pickled, of a thickness of less than 3mm201537.66%51,335,724
99Russian Federation720720Iron or non-alloy steel; semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel, containing by weight 0.25% or more of carbon201537.40%52,855,855
100Russian Federation271290Paraffin wax; containing by weight 0.75% or more of oil, obtained by synthesis or by other processes, whether or not coloured201536.81%78,000,211
101Russian Federation480431Kraft paper and paperboard; uncoated, unbleached, weight 150g/m2 or less, in rolls or sheets, other than that of heading no. 4802 or 4803201536.73%31,630,931
102Russian Federation151411Vegetable oils; low erucic acid rape or colza oil and its fractions, crude201536.52%65,608,339
103Russian Federation310230Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; nitrogenous, ammonium nitrate, whether or not in aqueous solution201536.50%57,817,649
104Russian Federation760110Aluminium; unwrought, (not alloyed)201536.27%1,963,124,794
105Ukraine950611Skis; for snow201535.54%32,667,452
106Russian Federation310559Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; containing the two fertilizing elements nitrogen and phosphorus, other than nitrates and phosphates201534.35%16,149,757
107Saudi Arabia390110Ethylene polymers; in primary forms, polyethylene having a specific gravity of less than 0.94201533.95%678,465,618
108Ukraine720852Iron or non-alloy steel; (not in coils), flat-rolled, of a width 600mm or more, hot-rolled, without patterns in relief, of a thickness of 4.75mm or more but not exceeding 10mm201533.79%72,104,030
109Russian Federation720917Iron or non-alloy steel; in coils, flat-rolled, width 600mm or more, cold-rolled, of a thickness of 0.5mm or more but not exceeding 1mm201533.34%160,250,398
110Ukraine151411Vegetable oils; low erucic acid rape or colza oil and its fractions, crude201533.26%59,746,298
111Russian Federation030472Fish fillets; frozen, haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus)201532.89%45,194,623
112Russian Federation720249Ferro-alloys; ferro-chromium, containing by weight 4% or less of carbon201532.77%61,006,190
113Iran130212Vegetable saps and extracts; of liquorice201532.73%17,390,882
114Kuwait290941Ether-alcohols and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives; 2,2-oxydiethanol (diethylene glycol, digol)201532.65%67,185,622
115Ukraine440890Wood; n.e.c. in heading no. 4408, sheets for veneer or plywood, other wood sawn lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or end-jointed, not exceeding 6mm in thickness201532.60%88,053,348
116Russian Federation720719Iron or non-alloy steel; semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel, containing by weight less than 0.25% of carbon, other than rectangular or square cross-section201531.97%12,831,503
117Ukraine210210Yeasts; active201531.56%12,855,171
118Ukraine720712Iron or non-alloy steel; semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel; containing by weight less than 0.25% of carbon, of rectangular (other than square) cross-section201530.86%670,514,649
119Russian Federation740311Copper; refined, unwrought, cathodes and sections of cathodes201530.54%1,745,532,117
120Russian Federation720449Ferrous waste and scrap; n.e.c. in heading no. 7204201530.52%118,472,091
121Saudi Arabia291532Acids; saturated acyclic monocarboxylic acids; vinyl acetate201530.46%201,260,450
122Russian Federation780110Lead; unwrought, refined201530.42%32,097,519
123Russian Federation310530Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate (diammonium phosphate)201530.26%207,135,318
124Ukraine440110-Fuel wood, in logs, in billets, in twigs, in faggots or in similar forms201530.16%37,643,102
125Ukraine720851Iron or non-alloy steel; (not in coils), flat-rolled, of a width 600mm or more, hot-rolled, without patterns in relief, of a thickness exceeding 10mm201530.15%263,487,605
126Russian Federation310221Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; nitrogenous, ammonium sulphate201530.01%22,553,623
127Russian Federation290723Polyphenols; 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol (bisphenol A, diphenylolpropane) and its salts201530.00%24,485,123

Partner frequency summary:

Russian Federation: 92 occurrences

Ukraine: 22 occurrences

Saudi Arabia: 7 occurrences

Iran: 3 occurrences

United Arab Emirates: 1 occurrence

Qatar: 1 occurrence

Kuwait: 1 occurrence

Critical Goods in table:

271012 - Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minera...

271019 - Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minera...

271111 - Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons...

271121 - Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons...

Legend:

(n)

The number in red parentheses indicates bottlenecks from countries flagged in the Danger Zone.

[n]

The number in lime square brackets indicates bottlenecks involving HS codes flagged in Critical Goods.