Trade in a Bottle: Identifying Import Bottlenecks in International Trade

Country Matrix

For 2024, the matrix below shows European Union's number of import bottlenecks for different combinations of minimum import share (%) and minimum import value (USD). Red parentheses show bottlenecks from Danger Zone countries, and lime square brackets show bottlenecks involving Critical Goods.

European Union

Year: 2024(88 in Danger Zone)[8 Critical Goods]
6-digit HS codes4-digit HS codes2-digit HS codes
Value \ Share>= 30%>= 40%>= 50%>= 60%>= 70%>= 80%>= 90%
>= 10 mln USD3515(88)[8]2486(58)[5]1736(38)[4]1178(21)[3]750(11)[3]457(7)[1]198(6)[1]
>= 50 mln USD1956(52)[7]1407(36)[4]990(23)[3]677(11)[2]444(6)[2]269(4)[1]105(3)[1]
>= 100 mln USD1347(38)[7]962(27)[4]685(18)[3]475(9)[2]312(5)[2]188(3)[1]74(2)[1]
>= 200 mln USD798(21)[6]594(18)[4]424(14)[3]301(8)[2]198(5)[2]113(3)[1]40(2)[1]
>= 500 mln USD342(9)[5]257(8)[3]188(8)[2]138(6)[1]91(4)[1]53(2)17(2)
Danger ZoneCritical GoodsCritical and in Danger

Danger Zone Bottlenecks (88 records, >= 30% share, >= 10 mln USD)

#Partner HS Code HS DescriptionYearShare (%) Value (USD)
1Russian Federation750110Nickel; nickel mattes202499.88%714,615,779
2Russian Federation720150Iron; alloy pig iron; spiegeleisen, in pigs, blocks or other primary forms202498.59%31,852,708
3Ukraine860630Railway or tramway goods vans and wagons; self-discharging, not self-propelled, excluding those of item no. 8606.10202497.55%19,165,646
4Russian Federation310229Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; nitrogenous, other than ammonium sulphate202496.33%10,491,721
5Ukraine151211Vegetable oils; sunflower seed or safflower oil and their fractions, crude, not chemically modified202496.25%2,432,461,411
6Iran091020Spices; saffron202490.18%69,550,836
7Ukraine151219Vegetable oils; sunflower seed or safflower oil and their fractions, other than crude, whether or not refined, but not chemically modified202480.07%345,203,429
8Russian Federation100290Cereals; rye, other than seed202479.67%13,873,566
9Russian Federation840130Fuel elements (cartridges); non-irradiated202475.77%570,064,180
10Russian Federation271119Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons; liquefied, n.e.c. in heading no. 2711202475.52%537,271,565
11Saudi Arabia292215Amino-alcohols, other than those containing more than one kind of oxygen function; their ethers and esters; salts thereof, triethanolamine202475.14%31,418,509
12Ukraine100590Cereals; maize (corn), other than seed202468.63%3,058,867,439
13Ukraine020713Meat and edible offal; of fowls of the species Gallus domesticus, cuts and offal, fresh or chilled202468.07%187,307,444
14Ukraine040721Birds' eggs, in shell; fresh, not for incubation, of fowls of the species Gallus domesticus (domestic hens)202466.96%79,308,501
15Ukraine100199Cereals; wheat and meslin, other than durum wheat, other than seed202465.99%1,442,474,520
16Ukraine440132Wood; for fuel, sawdust and wood waste and scrap, agglomerated in wood briquettes202464.17%26,566,071
17Ukraine230649Oil-cake and other solid residues; whether or not ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of rape seed oils (other than low erucic acid rape or colza)202464.14%16,902,009
18Saudi Arabia290211Cyclic hydrocarbons; cyclohexane202463.60%256,041,474
19Ukraine440111Wood; for fuel, in logs, in billets, in twigs, in faggots or similar forms, whether or not agglomerated, coniferous202462.73%16,559,774
20Ukraine020712Meat and edible offal; of fowls of the species Gallus domesticus, not cut in pieces, frozen202461.95%13,694,941
21Ukraine100829Cereals; millet, other than seed202461.56%14,561,101
22Russian Federation720712Iron or non-alloy steel; semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel; containing by weight less than 0.25% of carbon, of rectangular (other than square) cross-section202459.73%1,718,330,603
23Ukraine150190Poultry fat; other than that of heading 0209 or 1503202459.36%20,604,128
24Ukraine250830Clays (excluding expanded clays of heading no. 6806); fireclay, whether or not calcined202459.29%49,788,767
25Russian Federation261900Slag, dross; (other than granulated slag), scalings and other waste from the manufacture of iron or steel202458.91%37,358,890
26Saudi Arabia290941Ether-alcohols and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives; 2,2-oxydiethanol (diethylene glycol, digol)202458.37%99,388,964
27Russian Federation282530Vanadium oxides and hydroxides202457.57%57,091,495
28Saudi Arabia290243Cyclic hydrocarbons; p-xylene202457.10%103,712,675
29Ukraine440795Wood; ash (Fraxinus spp.), sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or finger-jointed, thicker than 6mm202457.01%20,940,003
30Ukraine720711Iron or non-alloy steel; semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel; containing by weight less than 0.25% of carbon, of rectangular (including square) cross-section, width less than twice thickness202456.88%405,051,902
31Ukraine120510Oil seeds; low erucic acid rape or colza seeds, whether or not broken202456.59%1,756,804,942
32Russian Federation310559Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; containing the two fertilizing elements nitrogen and phosphorus, other than nitrates and phosphates202456.45%98,655,336
33Ukraine440890Wood; n.e.c. in heading no. 4408, sheets for veneer or plywood, other wood sawn lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or end-jointed, not exceeding 6mm in thickness202455.13%195,726,835
34Ukraine151411Vegetable oils; low erucic acid rape or colza oil and its fractions, crude202454.76%187,069,221
35Russian Federation030363Fish; frozen, cod (Gadus morhua, Gadus ogac, Gadus macrocephalus), excluding fillets, fish meat of 0304, and edible fish offal of subheadings 0303.91 to 0303.99202452.83%205,361,965
36Ukraine230630Oil-cake and other solid residues; whether or not ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of sunflower seed oils202452.06%455,042,271
37Iran070956Vegetables; truffles (Tuber spp.), fresh or chilled202450.95%12,729,975
38Ukraine150710Vegetable oils; soya-bean oil and its fractions, crude, whether or not degummed, not chemically modified202450.67%284,401,410
39Russian Federation120400Oil seeds; linseed, whether or not broken202449.17%209,798,758
40Ukraine440711Wood; coniferous species, of pine (Pinus spp.), sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or finger-jointed, of a thickness exceeding 6mm202448.70%150,301,273
41Russian Federation310240Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; ammonium nitrate with calcium carbonate or other inorganic non-fertilizing substances, mixtures thereof202448.32%53,455,518
42Russian Federation720291Ferro-alloys; ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium202447.01%31,891,983
43Russian Federation720110Iron; non-alloy pig iron containing by weight 0.5% or less of phosphorus, in pigs, blocks or other primary forms202446.38%423,365,856
44Ukraine100510Cereals; maize (corn), seed202446.33%126,570,330
45Russian Federation811221Chromium and articles thereof; unwrought chromium, powders202446.04%56,989,370
46Saudi Arabia290531Alcohols; acyclic, diols; ethylene glycol (ethanediol)202445.71%142,462,274
47United Arab Emirates540490Filament, synthetic; strip and the like (e.g.. artificial straw), of synthetic textile materials of an apparent width not exceeding 5mm202445.27%46,111,551
48Russian Federation720310Ferrous products; obtained by direct reduction of iron ore, in lumps, pellets or similar forms202444.44%376,193,043
49Saudi Arabia262019Slag, ash and residues; (not from the manufacture of iron or steel), containing mainly zinc, other than hard zinc spelter202444.07%51,275,745
50Russian Federation281610Hydroxide and peroxide of magnesium202443.45%17,736,696
51Russian Federation400260Rubber; synthetic, isoprene rubber (IR), in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip202442.65%41,229,014
52Russian Federation740610Copper; powders of non-lamellar structure202441.29%42,991,979
53Saudi Arabia292211Amino-alcohols, other than those containing more than one kind of oxygen function; their ethers and esters; salts thereof, monoethanolamine and its salts202440.99%15,315,138
54Russian Federation310520Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; containing the three fertilizing elements nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium202440.98%405,478,736
55Ukraine350110Casein202440.85%30,096,617
56Russian Federation251010Natural calcium phosphates, natural aluminium calcium phosphates and phosphatic chalk; unground202440.84%102,210,179
57Ukraine020714Meat and edible offal; of fowls of the species Gallus domesticus, cuts and offal, frozen202440.81%187,097,140
58Ukraine440791Wood; oak (Quercus spp.), sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or finger-jointed, thicker than 6mm202440.18%95,847,494
59Ukraine730449Steel, stainless; (excluding cold-drawn or cold-rolled), tubes pipes and hollow profiles of circular cross-section202439.29%40,466,757
60Ukraine730439Iron or non-alloy steel (excluding cast iron); seamless, (excluding cold-drawn or cold-rolled), tubes, pipes and hollow profiles of circular cross-section202439.04%94,775,936
61Saudi Arabia290250Cyclic hydrocarbons; styrene202438.56%310,050,523
62Ukraine040891Eggs; birds' eggs (not in shell, excluding yolks only), dried, whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter202438.36%21,992,081
63Ukraine120590Oil seeds; rape or colza seeds, other than low erucic, whether or not broken202438.19%47,281,442
64Ukraine441520Wood; pallets, box pallets and other load boards; pallet collars202437.65%118,282,935
65Ukraine950611Skis; for snow202437.44%43,976,374
66Ukraine100390Cereals; barley, other than seed202436.90%138,196,852
67Iran130212Vegetable saps and extracts; of liquorice202436.83%12,777,289
68Ukraine200979Juice; apple, of a Brix value exceeding 20, unfermented, not containing added spirit, whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter202436.45%156,090,488
69Ukraine720720Iron or non-alloy steel; semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel, containing by weight 0.25% or more of carbon202435.60%74,736,179
70Russian Federation071310Vegetables, leguminous; peas (pisum sativum), shelled, whether or not skinned or split, dried202435.48%34,208,344
71Saudi Arabia291411Ketones; acyclic, without other oxygen function, acetone202435.37%28,798,898
72Ukraine721710Iron or non-alloy steel; wire, (not plated or coated), whether or not polished202435.29%76,059,217
73Ukraine040210Dairy produce; milk and cream, concentrated or containing added sugar or other sweetening matter, in powder, granules or other solid forms, of a fat content not exceeding 1.5% (by weight)202435.06%37,511,581
74Russian Federation720249Ferro-alloys; ferro-chromium, containing by weight 4% or less of carbon202434.42%76,887,916
75Russian Federation310540Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; ammonium dihydrogenorthophosphate (monoammonium phosphate) and mixtures thereof with diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate (diammonium phosphate)202434.28%132,551,731
76Saudi Arabia550340Fibres; synthetic staple fibres, of polypropylene, not carded, combed or otherwise processed for spinning202433.74%21,120,429
77Ukraine170199Sugars; sucrose, chemically pure, in solid form, not containing added flavouring or colouring matter202433.71%229,410,338
78Russian Federation840140Nuclear reactors; parts thereof202432.74%20,311,735
79Ukraine441012Oriented strand board (OSB) of wood, whether or not agglomerated with resins or other organic binding substances202432.47%20,824,278
80Saudi Arabia390210Propylene, other olefin polymers; polypropylene in primary forms202432.43%588,719,427
81Russian Federation030471Fish fillets; frozen, cod (Gadus morhua, Gadus ogac, Gadus macrocephalus)202432.26%175,621,778
82Ukraine081120Fruit, edible; raspberries, blackberries, mulberries, loganberries, black, white or red currants and gooseberries, uncooked or cooked, whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter202432.25%150,229,362
83Ukraine250840Clays (excluding expanded clays of heading no. 6806); n.e.c. in heading no. 2508, whether or not calcined202431.91%56,957,723
84Ukraine252329Cement; portland, other than white, whether or not artificially coloured202431.81%134,309,176
85Ukraine440112Wood; for fuel, in logs, in billets, in twigs, in faggots or similar forms, whether or not agglomerated, non-coniferous202431.26%28,594,049
86Saudi Arabia290711Monophenols; phenol (hydroxybenzene) and its salts202431.23%39,906,081
87Ukraine860719Railway or tramway locomotives or rolling stock; parts, axles and wheels, and parts thereof202430.69%111,424,077
88Bahrain761490Aluminium; stranded wire, cables, plaited bands and the like, (not electrically insulated), other than steel core202430.64%19,515,931

Partner frequency summary:

Ukraine: 44 occurrences

Russian Federation: 27 occurrences

Saudi Arabia: 12 occurrences

Iran: 3 occurrences

United Arab Emirates: 1 occurrence

Bahrain: 1 occurrence

Critical Goods in table:

271119 - Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons...

Legend:

(n)

The number in red parentheses indicates bottlenecks from countries flagged in the Danger Zone.

[n]

The number in lime square brackets indicates bottlenecks involving HS codes flagged in Critical Goods.