Trade in a Bottle: Identifying Import Bottlenecks in International Trade

Country Matrix

For 2022, the matrix below shows European Union's number of import bottlenecks for different combinations of minimum import share (%) and minimum import value (USD). Red parentheses show bottlenecks from Danger Zone countries, and lime square brackets show bottlenecks involving Critical Goods.

European Union

Year: 2022(125 in Danger Zone)[9 Critical Goods]
Value \ Share>= 30%>= 40%>= 50%>= 60%>= 70%>= 80%>= 90%
>= 10 mln USD3639(125)[9]2543(80)[5]1814(50)[4]1222(27)[3]800(16)[3]477(11)[1]213(5)
>= 50 mln USD2030(69)[8]1466(42)[4]1071(24)[3]712(14)[2]476(7)[2]290(4)[1]116(2)
>= 100 mln USD1411(53)[8]1031(32)[4]768(20)[3]499(13)[2]340(6)[2]207(3)[1]82(1)
>= 200 mln USD878(38)[8]654(24)[4]485(15)[3]299(10)[2]208(5)[2]130(3)[1]44(1)
>= 500 mln USD387(17)[7]292(12)[4]229(7)[3]154(6)[2]106(4)[2]67(3)[1]23(1)

Danger Zone Bottlenecks (125 records, >= 30% share, >= 10 mln USD)

#Partner HS Code HS DescriptionYearShare (%) Value (USD)
1Russian Federation750110Nickel; nickel mattes202299.98%1,833,830,236
2Russian Federation440395Wood; of birch (Betula spp.), in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared, untreated, of which the smallest cross-sectional dimension is 15 cm or more202297.87%21,860,718
3Russian Federation310229Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; nitrogenous, other than ammonium sulphate202297.07%33,091,608
4Iran091020Spices; saffron202294.04%59,249,533
5Russian Federation120760Oil seeds; safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) seeds, whether or not broken202291.23%10,078,778
6Russian Federation293371Heterocyclic compounds; lactams; 6-hexanelactam (epsilon-caprolactam)202289.21%36,351,959
7Ukraine151211Vegetable oils; sunflower seed or safflower oil and their fractions, crude, not chemically modified202283.74%2,258,320,858
8Russian Federation230620Oil-cake and other solid residues; whether or not ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of linseed oils202283.42%12,806,795
9Ukraine020712Meat and edible offal; of fowls of the species Gallus domesticus, not cut in pieces, frozen202282.14%23,027,967
10Russian Federation100810Cereals; buckwheat202280.81%25,614,095
11Russian Federation271119Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons; liquefied, n.e.c. in heading no. 2711202280.34%696,036,085
12Ukraine120590Oil seeds; rape or colza seeds, other than low erucic, whether or not broken202278.36%227,553,066
13Russian Federation440796Wood; of birch (Betula spp.), sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, of a thickness exceeding 6mm, whether or not planed, sanded or finger-jointed202276.64%27,332,978
14Russian Federation400260Rubber; synthetic, isoprene rubber (IR), in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip202274.73%187,061,778
15Ukraine270600Tar; distilled from coal, lignite or peat, and other mineral tars, whether or not dehydrated or partially distilled, including reconstituted tars202274.19%25,893,345
16Russian Federation270111Coal; anthracite, whether or not pulverised, but not agglomerated202274.07%665,666,558
17Ukraine151219Vegetable oils; sunflower seed or safflower oil and their fractions, other than crude, whether or not refined, but not chemically modified202268.44%490,225,460
18Russian Federation840130Fuel elements (cartridges); non-irradiated202268.14%280,591,003
19Russian Federation071310Vegetables, leguminous; peas (pisum sativum), shelled, whether or not skinned or split, dried202268.01%128,623,419
20Ukraine440111Wood; for fuel, in logs, in billets, in twigs, in faggots or similar forms, whether or not agglomerated, coniferous202267.39%11,294,107
21Ukraine120600Oil seeds; sunflower seeds, whether or not broken202266.40%1,307,715,515
22Russian Federation440719Wood; coniferous species, other than of pine (Pinus spp.) or fir (Abies spp.) or spruce (Picea spp.), sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or finger-jointed, of a thickness exceeding 6mm202265.60%206,699,653
23Russian Federation284610Cerium compounds202265.06%34,957,021
24Russian Federation381119Anti-knock preparations; other than those based on lead compounds202262.83%36,730,391
25Russian Federation720310Ferrous products; obtained by direct reduction of iron ore, in lumps, pellets or similar forms202261.83%717,527,981
26Russian Federation282530Vanadium oxides and hydroxides202261.83%121,121,038
27Ukraine150190Poultry fat; other than that of heading 0209 or 1503202261.46%22,673,583
28Russian Federation721669Iron or non-alloy steel; angles, shapes and sections, cold-formed or cold-finished, (not obtained from flat-rolled products)202259.77%19,362,847
29Russian Federation720712Iron or non-alloy steel; semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel; containing by weight less than 0.25% of carbon, of rectangular (other than square) cross-section202259.70%2,346,911,591
30Russian Federation430180Furskins; raw, of animals n.e.c. in heading no. 4301, whole, with or without head, tail or paws (excluding goods of heading no. 4101, 4102 and 4103)202259.29%28,541,231
31Russian Federation030363Fish; frozen, cod (Gadus morhua, Gadus ogac, Gadus macrocephalus), excluding fillets, fish meat of 0304, and edible fish offal of subheadings 0303.91 to 0303.99202259.08%343,120,065
32Russian Federation100290Cereals; rye, other than seed202258.64%33,245,129
33Russian Federation680710Asphalt or similar material; articles (e.g. petroleum bitumen or coal tar pitch) in rolls202258.63%70,221,777
34Ukraine020713Meat and edible offal; of fowls of the species Gallus domesticus, cuts and offal, fresh or chilled202258.58%123,172,149
35Ukraine040721Birds' eggs, in shell; fresh, not for incubation, of fowls of the species Gallus domesticus (domestic hens)202258.50%18,859,280
36Ukraine440890Wood; n.e.c. in heading no. 4408, sheets for veneer or plywood, other wood sawn lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or end-jointed, not exceeding 6mm in thickness202258.03%299,872,066
37Russian Federation722619Steel, alloy; flat-rolled, width less than 600mm, of silicon-electrical steel, other than grain-oriented202257.98%26,309,301
38Saudi Arabia290941Ether-alcohols and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives; 2,2-oxydiethanol (diethylene glycol, digol)202255.69%113,952,439
39Ukraine440132Wood; for fuel, sawdust and wood waste and scrap, agglomerated in wood briquettes202255.52%34,903,545
40Russian Federation730511Iron or steel (excluding cast iron); line pipe of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines (not seamless), longitudinally submerged arc welded, having circular cross-sections, external diameter exceeds 406.4mm202255.34%21,926,250
41Saudi Arabia292215Amino-alcohols, other than those containing more than one kind of oxygen function; their ethers and esters; salts thereof, triethanolamine202255.19%28,457,138
42Russian Federation811221Chromium and articles thereof; unwrought chromium, powders202254.83%90,705,720
43Saudi Arabia290243Cyclic hydrocarbons; p-xylene202254.07%385,046,483
44Ukraine100829Cereals; millet, other than seed202252.83%13,498,359
45Russian Federation480591Paper and paperboard; uncoated, weight 150g/m2 or less, in rolls or sheets, n.e.c. in heading no.4805202252.81%38,139,084
46Saudi Arabia290211Cyclic hydrocarbons; cyclohexane202252.53%315,978,789
47Russian Federation740610Copper; powders of non-lamellar structure202251.93%54,831,171
48Russian Federation030364Fish; frozen, haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), excluding fillets, fish meat of 0304, and edible fish offal of subheadings 0303.91 to 0303.99202251.65%12,976,688
49Russian Federation470311Wood pulp; chemical wood pulp, soda or sulphate, (other than dissolving grades), unbleached, of coniferous wood202251.44%18,273,478
50Russian Federation760310Aluminium; powders of non-lamellar structure202250.39%47,202,768
51Saudi Arabia292121Amine-function compounds; acyclic polyamines and their derivatives, ethylenediamine and its salts202248.90%11,149,418
52Russian Federation230320Beet-pulp, bagasse and other waste of sugar manufacture; whether or not in the form of pellets202248.36%130,522,524
53Ukraine100199Cereals; wheat and meslin, other than durum wheat, other than seed202248.20%950,101,831
54Russian Federation860500Railway or tramway coaches; passenger coaches, luggage vans, post office coaches and other special purpose railway or tramway coaches, not self-propelled (excluding those of heading no. 8604)202247.96%24,540,860
55Ukraine100590Cereals; maize (corn), other than seed202247.72%3,499,065,900
56Ukraine441520Wood; pallets, box pallets and other load boards; pallet collars202247.17%280,192,331
57Ukraine440795Wood; ash (Fraxinus spp.), sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or finger-jointed, thicker than 6mm202246.65%29,690,557
58Russian Federation480511Paper and paperboard; uncoated, semi-chemical fluting paper, rolls or sheets202246.31%14,266,587
59Saudi Arabia290711Monophenols; phenol (hydroxybenzene) and its salts202245.82%132,072,056
60Russian Federation480419Kraft paper and paperboard; kraftliner, uncoated, bleached, in rolls or sheets, other than that of heading no. 4802 or 4803202244.58%29,304,436
61Russian Federation720110Iron; non-alloy pig iron containing by weight 0.5% or less of phosphorus, in pigs, blocks or other primary forms202244.17%660,749,491
62Russian Federation400231Rubber; synthetic, isobutene-isoprene (butyl) rubber (IIR), in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip202244.11%15,133,843
63Ukraine720711Iron or non-alloy steel; semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel; containing by weight less than 0.25% of carbon, of rectangular (including square) cross-section, width less than twice thickness202243.96%485,522,783
64Ukraine150710Vegetable oils; soya-bean oil and its fractions, crude, whether or not degummed, not chemically modified202243.83%270,718,345
65Russian Federation440712Wood; coniferous species, of fir (Abies spp.) and spruce (Picea spp.), sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or finger-jointed, of a thickness exceeding 6mm202243.38%314,971,977
66Russian Federation310520Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; containing the three fertilizing elements nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium202243.27%563,887,046
67Ukraine350110Casein202242.96%68,597,085
68Ukraine020727Meat and edible offal; of turkeys, cuts and offal, frozen202242.93%12,400,342
69Ukraine200979Juice; apple, of a Brix value exceeding 20, unfermented, not containing added spirit, whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter202242.92%94,416,711
70Russian Federation310551Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; containing nitrates and phosphates202242.82%61,686,652
71Russian Federation440910Wood; coniferous (including unassembled strips and friezes for parquet flooring), continuously shaped along any edges, ends or faces, whether or not planed, sanded or end-jointed202242.73%64,788,665
72Saudi Arabia292211Amino-alcohols, other than those containing more than one kind of oxygen function; their ethers and esters; salts thereof, monoethanolamine and its salts202242.10%43,128,973
73Russian Federation230641Oil-cake and other solid residues; whether or not ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of low erucic acid rape or colza seed oils202242.07%76,043,727
74Russian Federation281610Hydroxide and peroxide of magnesium202241.38%22,982,657
75Russian Federation120750Oil seeds; mustard seeds, whether or not broken202241.36%56,876,286
76Russian Federation261900Slag, dross; (other than granulated slag), scalings and other waste from the manufacture of iron or steel202241.26%32,891,850
77Russian Federation120400Oil seeds; linseed, whether or not broken202241.18%197,298,660
78Russian Federation280300Carbon; carbon blacks and other forms of carbon n.e.c.202240.94%562,949,031
79Ukraine250830Clays (excluding expanded clays of heading no. 6806); fireclay, whether or not calcined202240.62%38,766,178
80Russian Federation690740Finishing ceramics202240.11%10,804,384
81Russian Federation720249Ferro-alloys; ferro-chromium, containing by weight 4% or less of carbon202239.87%126,600,348
82United Arab Emirates540490Filament, synthetic; strip and the like (e.g.. artificial straw), of synthetic textile materials of an apparent width not exceeding 5mm202239.68%55,909,017
83Saudi Arabia711230Waste and scrap of precious metal or of metal clad with precious metal; ash containing precious metal or precious metal compounds202239.51%77,997,958
84Russian Federation251010Natural calcium phosphates, natural aluminium calcium phosphates and phosphatic chalk; unground202239.09%116,001,794
85Russian Federation281511Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda); solid202239.01%21,724,366
86Ukraine230630Oil-cake and other solid residues; whether or not ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of sunflower seed oils202238.73%332,848,596
87Ukraine040891Eggs; birds' eggs (not in shell, excluding yolks only), dried, whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter202238.65%15,902,126
88Russian Federation720291Ferro-alloys; ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium202238.05%41,283,991
89Iran130212Vegetable saps and extracts; of liquorice202238.05%12,540,668
90Russian Federation480421Kraft paper and paperboard; sack kraft paper, uncoated, unbleached, in rolls or sheets, other than that of heading no. 4802 or 4803202237.61%47,193,533
91Ukraine020714Meat and edible offal; of fowls of the species Gallus domesticus, cuts and offal, frozen202237.51%155,789,670
92Russian Federation284420Uranium; enriched in U235, plutonium, their compounds, alloys dispersions (including cermets), ceramic products and mixtures containing uranium enriched in U235, plutonium or compounds of these products202237.03%476,994,121
93Ukraine100290Cereals; rye, other than seed202236.94%20,945,951
94Ukraine100390Cereals; barley, other than seed202236.79%231,667,892
95Russian Federation283640Carbonates; potassium carbonate202236.65%24,802,771
96Saudi Arabia290531Alcohols; acyclic, diols; ethylene glycol (ethanediol)202236.58%212,485,006
97Russian Federation740311Copper; refined, unwrought, cathodes and sections of cathodes202236.54%2,752,900,946
98Russian Federation441233Plywood; with sheets of wood only; not bamboo; each ply 6mm or less, with at least one outer ply of alder, ash, beech, birch, cherry, chestnut, elm, eucalyptus, hickory, horse chestnut, lime, maple, oak, plane, poplar, aspen, robinia, tulipwood or walnut202235.58%445,939,184
99Saudi Arabia290250Cyclic hydrocarbons; styrene202235.58%324,329,771
100Russian Federation750210Nickel; unwrought, not alloyed202235.54%1,449,783,498
101Russian Federation271019Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minerals, not containing biodiesel, not crude, not waste oils; preparations n.e.c, containing by weight 70% or more of petroleum oils or oils from bituminous minerals; not light oils and preparations202235.27%30,610,822,549
102Russian Federation721550Iron or non-alloy steel; bars and rods, n.e.c. in chapter 72, cold-formed or cold-finished, (not free-cutting)202234.84%45,857,844
103Russian Federation284590Isotopes other than those of heading no. 2844, 2845.20, 2845.30 or 2845.40; compounds, inorganic or organic, of such isotopes, whether or not chemically defined202234.77%54,762,931
104Russian Federation271012Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minerals, not containing biodiesel, not crude, not waste oils; preparations n.e.c, containing by weight 70% or more of petroleum oils or oils from bituminous minerals; light oils and preparations202234.57%6,631,523,370
105Russian Federation220860Vodka202234.34%38,660,444
106Saudi Arabia550340Fibres; synthetic staple fibres, of polypropylene, not carded, combed or otherwise processed for spinning202233.84%22,845,768
107Ukraine170199Sugars; sucrose, chemically pure, in solid form, not containing added flavouring or colouring matter202233.62%222,664,077
108Russian Federation710221Diamonds; industrial, unworked or simply sawn, cleaved or bruted, but not mounted or set202233.49%33,833,695
109Russian Federation740811Copper; wire, of refined copper, of which the maximum cross-sectional dimension exceeds 6mm202233.43%91,746,096
110Ukraine100510Cereals; maize (corn), seed202233.00%65,519,899
111Russian Federation030312Fish; frozen, Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha/keta/tschawytscha/ kisutch/masou/rhodurus) other than sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), excluding fillets, fish meat of 0304, and edible fish offal of subheadings 0303.91 to 0303.99202232.82%14,748,882
112Russian Federation283526Phosphates; of calcium n.e.c. in item no. 2835.25, whether or not chemically defined202232.77%101,143,751
113Ukraine730439Iron or non-alloy steel (excluding cast iron); seamless, (excluding cold-drawn or cold-rolled), tubes, pipes and hollow profiles of circular cross-section202232.69%93,940,671
114Ukraine730449Steel, stainless; (excluding cold-drawn or cold-rolled), tubes pipes and hollow profiles of circular cross-section202232.10%40,578,718
115Ukraine440711Wood; coniferous species, of pine (Pinus spp.), sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or finger-jointed, of a thickness exceeding 6mm202231.99%226,962,540
116Saudi Arabia291532Acids; saturated acyclic monocarboxylic acids; vinyl acetate202231.64%378,020,593
117Ukraine440139Wood; for fuel, sawdust and wood waste and scrap, agglomerated in logs or similar forms, other than wood pellets or wood briquettes202231.61%13,255,151
118Ukraine720719Iron or non-alloy steel; semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel, containing by weight less than 0.25% of carbon, other than rectangular or square cross-section202231.55%20,247,070
119Russian Federation310540Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; ammonium dihydrogenorthophosphate (monoammonium phosphate) and mixtures thereof with diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate (diammonium phosphate)202231.29%141,697,735
120Russian Federation310240Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; ammonium nitrate with calcium carbonate or other inorganic non-fertilizing substances, mixtures thereof202230.78%119,749,944
121Russian Federation722511Steel, alloy; flat-rolled, width 600mm or more, of silicon-electrical steel, grain-oriented202230.32%119,679,731
122Russian Federation070953Vegetables; mushrooms of the genus Cantharellus, fresh or chilled202230.24%11,241,478
123Saudi Arabia390210Propylene, other olefin polymers; polypropylene in primary forms202230.23%752,680,178
124Russian Federation720280Ferro-alloys; ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten202230.18%18,039,608
125Ukraine040210Dairy produce; milk and cream, concentrated or containing added sugar or other sweetening matter, in powder, granules or other solid forms, of a fat content not exceeding 1.5% (by weight)202230.03%37,333,970

Partner frequency summary:

Russian Federation: 73 occurrences

Ukraine: 36 occurrences

Saudi Arabia: 13 occurrences

Iran: 2 occurrences

United Arab Emirates: 1 occurrence

Critical Goods in table:

271012 - Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minera...

271019 - Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minera...

271119 - Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons...

Legend:

(n)

The number in red parentheses indicates bottlenecks from countries flagged in the Danger Zone.

[n]

The number in lime square brackets indicates bottlenecks involving HS codes flagged in Critical Goods.